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Use Cases

Advanced Configuration of Slanted Gratings

Coated slanted gratings can be configured easily within VirtualLab. This use case explains the available options for the customization of slanted gratings.

Advanced PSF & MTF Calculation for System with Rectangular Aperture

By placing a rotated rectangular aperture behind input fields with different sizes, the PSF and MTF in the focal plane are investigated.

Advanced PSF and MTF Calculation of Imaging System

An imaging system consisting of a collimation objective and human eye is modeled, and by changing the illumination conditions, the cases with fully and partially illuminated apertures are investigated.

Advanced PSF Calculation in a High NA Lens System

When a linearly polarized Gaussian beam is focused by a high-NA aspheric lens, the PSF in focal plane shows asymmetry due to vectorial effects.

Analysis of an Offner System with Non-Sequential Field Tracing

An Offner system that consists of two concentric spherical mirrors is built up and its imaging property is investigated by using the non-sequential field tracing in VirtualLab.

Analysis of Folded Imaging System with Multiple Apertures

For a folded waveguide-based imaging system, the multiple apertures effect, including in- and outcoupling gratings and pupil aperture, is shown to affect the PSF and MTF on image plane.

Analysis of Folded Imaging System with Planar or Curved Waveguide

To evaluate the image quality of a near-to-eye display system, it is important to include the influence from the waveguide structure. In this example, both planar and curved waveguide are investigated.

Analyzing High-NA Objective Lens Focusing

High-NA objective lenses are widely used in optical lithography, microscopy, etc. Consideration of the vectorial nature of light in the simulation of the focusing is therefore fundamental.

Application of the Programmable Mode of a Parameter Run

In VirtualLab, the variation of parameters of optical systems are freely customizable by using the programmable mode of the parameter run feature. In an example, the application of this programmable mode is presented.

Blazed Grating Analysis by Fourier Modal Method

The Fourier Modal Method (FMM) can be used to analyze grating efficiencies rigorously. VirtualLab allows rigorous efficiency analysis for single simulations as well as for parameter variations.

Channel Setting for Non-Sequential Tracing

With the flexible channel control in VirtualLab Fusion, one can easily switch between sequential and non-sequential tracing, and can control the non-sequential tracing configuration.

Collimation of Astigmatic Diode Laser Beam by Objective Lens

High-power laser diodes often exhibit asymmetric divergence and astigmatism. Collimation of such a laser diode is investigated with both ray tracing and field tracing.

Comparison of Different Lenses for Fiber-Coupling

For the task of coupling light into a single-mode fiber, two commercially available lenses are selected, and their performance is evaluated using the overlap integral.

Configuration of Grating Structures by Using Interfaces

In the Grating Toolbox of VirtualLab, grating structures can be configured by using a stack. In this use case the configuration of grating structures based on interfaces is explained.

Configuration of Grating Structures by using special Media

In the VirtualLab’s Grating Package grating structures can be configured by using a stack. In this use case the configuration of grating structures based on media is explained.

Conical Refraction in Biaxial Crystals

With the fast-physical-optics simulation technique in VirtualLab, conical refraction from a KGd crystal is demonstrated.

Construction and Modeling of Graded-Index (GRIN) Lens

VirtualLab allows the specification of a graded-index lens in a very user friendly way. In addition such index modulated lenses can be analyzed by ray tracing as well as field tracing.

Correction of Chromatic Aberration by Using a Diffractive Lens

A hybrid imaging system consisting of both refractive and diffractive lenses is analyzed, especially, with the undesired diffraction orders of the diffractive lens taken into account.

Coupling of Parameters in VirtualLab Fusion

The parameter coupling feature of VirtualLab can be used to define the coupling of each parameter of an arbitrary optical setup, which helps create complex relations of these parameters.

Customizable Help for Programmable Elements

VirtualLab provides multiple tools to implement your custom sources, components, detectors etc. For documentation of such customized object the snippet help can be used.

Czerny-Turner Setup

A physical-optics-based simulation of Czerny-Turner setup, which consists of parabolic mirrors and blazed grating, is presented.

Design and Rigorous Analysis of Non-Paraxial Diffractive Beam Splitter

Fourier modal method is applied for the rigorous evaluation of non-paraxial diffractive beam splitters, which are initially designed by using IFTA and thin-element approximation.

Design of a Diffractive Diffuser to Generate a LightTrans Mark

Two diffractive diffusers, with continuous or discrete phase, for generating a LightTrans trademark are designed, and their performance is investigated.

Design of a High-NA Beam Splitter with 24000 Dots Random Pattern

Designing of high-NA dot-projection system is of great practical use. In this example, a single phase plate for generating a 24,000 dots random pattern is designed.

Design of a Refractive Beam Shaper to Generate a Circular Top-Hat

With the user-friendly design tools in VirtualLab, a refractive beam shaper for shaping a fundamental Gaussian beam into top-hat profile is designed and analyzed.

Design of Diffractive Beam Splitters for Generating a 2D Light Mark

The iterative Fourier transfrom algorithm (IFTA) in VirtualLab enables customized beam splitters design with high efficiency and flexibility.

Diffraction at Pixels of a Spatial Light Modulator

When SLMs are often employed as programmable diffractive optical elements, the influence from the pixel gaps on the system performance is investigated.

Diffraction Efficiency Analysis for a Czerny-Turner Setup

A physical-optics-based simulation of Czerny-Turner setup, which consists of parabolic mirrors and blazed grating, is presented.

Diffraction Order Overlap in a Czerny-Turner Setup

A physical-optics-based simulation of Czerny-Turner setup, which consists of parabolic mirrors and blazed grating, is presented, particularly with the higher diffraction order taken into account.

Electromagnetic Field Interaction with Nanocylinders

With the perfectly matched layers (PMLs) technique, the interaction between a focused Gaussian beam and nanocylinders with varying diameters is investigated.

Examination of Sodium D Lines with Etalon

A silica-spaced etalon is build up and used to measure the sodium D lines, with the non-sequential field tracing technique in VirtualLab Fusion.

Export of Fabrication Data

VirtualLab can export smooth and quantized interfaces, as well as mirror/prism/grating cells arrays into various file formats, e.g., STL and GDSII file format.

Export Systems and Components into STL & IGES Format

VirtualLab supports the export of optical components specified in the system into various CAD formats. This includes for example the export of lenses, prisms, mirror systems and other components into STL and in IGES format.

Femtosecond Pulse Propagation through Dispersive Seawater

The propagation of an 5 fs pulse through seawater is studied in VirtualLab. The broadening of the pulse and the change in its temporal profile due to dispersion of the material are shown.

Focus Investigation behind Aspherical Lens

A laser diode with asymmetric divergence and astigmatism is first collimated and then focused. Evolution of the field in the focal region is investigated in detail.

Focusing of Femtosecond Pulse by Using a High-NA Off-Axis Parabolic Mirror

The focusing process of a 10 fs pulse by using a high-NA parabolic mirror is modeled in VirtualLab, and both the spatial and temporal behaviors are investigated.

Gaussian Beam Focused by a Thermal Lens

The variation of the focal length due to thermal lens effect and the changes of focal spot diameter are demonstrated with respect to the input laser power.

Grating Order Analyzer

The analysis of the diffraction efficiencies of gratings is the typical modeling task with gratings. The efficiencies follow from the Rayleigh coefficients. Both quantities are given for each of the diffraction orders of a grating.

Herrig Schiefspiegler Telescope

Non-sequential field tracing for the PSF calculation of Herrig Schiefspiegler Telescope, including double-pass between two mirrors, takes less than 10 seconds.

High-NA Focusing by Off-Axis Parabolic Mirror

In high-NA focusing situations, e.g. with parabolic mirror, it is demonstrated that input fields with polarizations leads to different focal spots.

High-NA Pattern Generation by Combining Two Beam Splitter Elements

A two diffractive beam splitter system for high-NA pattern generation is designed with IFTA, and the system performance is investigated, especially with the non-paraxial splitter analyzed by using FMM.

How to Set Up a Panel-Type Source

With the scanning source in VirtualLab, we analyze the performance of an F-Theta lens, by measuring the focal spot position deviation and the spot size for different scan angles.

How to Set Up a Scanning Source

The scanning source in VirtualLab defines a multi-mode source that radiates into several pre-defined directions, which is of help in e.g. in a laser scanning system.

How to Work with the C# Module and Example (Computing the Deviation Between Two Fields)

In this tutorial we explain the basics of working with the C# Module: one of the most flexible, most advanced programmable items in VirtualLab Fusion!

How to Work with the Programmable Detector and Example (Minimum and Maximum Wavelengths)

In this tutorial we show how to work with the Programmable Detector, one of the most versatile customizable elements in VirtualLab Fusion.

How to Work with the Programmable Function & Example (Cylindrical Lens)

In this document we explain how to work with the Programmable Function, using the example of a cylindrical lens.

How to Work with the Programmable Interface & Example (Spherical Surface)

In this document we explain how to work with the Programmable Interface, using the example of a simple spherical surface.

How to Work with the Programmable Light Source in VirtualLab Fusion and Example (Gaussian Beam)

This tutorial will give you the instructions you need to program your own sources in VirtualLab!

Imaging of Sub-Wavelength Gratings by Using Vector Beam Illumination

A high-NA microscope for imaging of sub-wavelength grating is build up, and the influences from illumination with linear, radial, and azimuthal polarizations is investigated.

Imaging of Sub-Wavelength Gratings with Different Profiles

Modeling of a complete high-NA imaging system, with sub-wavelength gratings with different profiles as samples under test, is presented.

Imaging of Sub-Wavelength Gratings with Varying Period

Modeling of a complete high-NA imaging system, with sub-wavelength gratings with varying period as samples under test, is presented.

Import Optical Systems from Zemax

VirtualLab Fusion allows to import optical systems with full 3D position information and glasses from Zemax files. The import enables a user friendly interface between the two software packages.

Investigation of Ghost Imaging Effects in Collimation System

The ghost image effect in a collimation lens system is investigated, by checking the effect from the surface coating with the non-sequential tracing technique.

Investigation of Lens Aberrations in a SLM-based Beam Shaping Setup

For a diffractive beam shaper used together with focusing lens, the influence from lens aberrations on the system performance is investigated.

Investigation of Polarization State of Diffraction Orders

VirtualLab’s Grating Toolbox enables the detailed analysis of grating structures. In this use case the investigation of the polarization state of the diffracted orders is discussed, which is enabled by the applied Fourier modal method (FMM).

Light Propagation through Waveguide with In- & Outcoupling Surface Gratings

With the region and channel concepts in VirtualLab, the in- and outcoupling gratings can be flexibly configured, and light propagation through such structures can be modeled fast and accurately.

Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

A Mach-Zehnder interferometer is build up in VirtualLab, and it is demonstrated that how the tilt and shift of an optical elements may affect the interference pattern.

Michelson Interferometer

A Michelson interferometer with Xenon lamp source is modeled, with the spectral property, i.e. limited coherence length, of the source fully taken into account.

Modeling of an Image Projection System Based on Panel-Type Display

An image projection system is set up together with the panel-type source. Performance of the system is evaluated by observing the spot grid in both spatial and angular domains.

Modeling of Etalon with Planar or Curved Surfaces

By using the non-sequential field tracing technique, several configurations of etalons, e.g. with non-parallel surfaces and curved surfaces, are analyzed.

Modeling of Graded-Index (GRIN) Lens

VirtualLab provides a physical-optics modeling technique for light propagation through GRIN media, which includes fully electromagnetic information and runs as fast as ray tracing.

Modeling of Graded-Index (GRIN) Multimode Fiber

A fast approach for light propagation through GRIN medium, which includes the polarization crosstalk effect, is implemented, and its validity and advantages are shown in comparison with rigorous solver.

Modeling of Microlens Array with Different Lens Shapes

The imaging properties of microlens array with different lens shapes are investigated. Change of the focal spots with respect to aberration of input field is demonstrated.

Non-Sequential Configuration: How to Use Simulation Settings for Ray and Field Tracing

Following simulation settings will be explained in more detail: Global accuracy (Field Tracing 2nd Generation) and non-sequential field/ray tracing.

Non-Sequential Ray Tracing Analysis of Glass Plate

By using the non-sequential tracing technique in VirtualLab, the ray tracing analysis of a glass plate is performed.

Optical System for Inspection of Micro-Structured Wafer

A complete wafer inspection system including high-NA focusing effect and light interaction with microstructures is modeled, and the formation of image is demonstrated.

Optical Topography Scanning Interferometry

With a low-coherence Xenon lamp source, a Michelson interferometer is build up for precise scanning of the surface profile of a given specimen.

Optimal Working Distance for Coupling Light into Single-Mode Fibers

In this example, we select one commercially available lens and show how to find the optimal working distance to obtain maximum fiber-coupling efficiency by using field tracing.

Optimizing Waveguide Outcoupling Gratings for Uniform Multiple Channels

To ensure uniform multiple waveguide output channels, the outcoupling gratings are optimized, with their efficiencies calculated by the rigorous Fourier modal method.

Parametric Optimization and Tolerance Analysis of Slanted Gratings

A slanted grating optimized with the rigorous Fourier modal method to achieve high diffraction efficiency for the sake of incoupling into light guide structures.

Parametric Optimization of Fiber-Coupling Lens

We present the design of a fiber-coupling lens with conical surface, for the purpose of efficient light coupling into a single-mode fiber, using parametric optimization in VirtualLab Fusion.

Performance Analysis of Laser Scanning System

A scanning system consisting a dual-axis galvanometer and an aspherial focusing lens is modeled, with the rotation of the mirrors taken into simulation as in the practical case.

Performance Evaluation of an F-Theta Scanning Lens

With the scanning source in VirtualLab, we analyze the performance of an F-Theta lens, by measuring the focal spot position deviation and the spot size for different scan angles.

Polarization Conversion in Uniaxial Crystals

The conversion of polarization of a linearly polarized light in calcite crystal is demonstrated in VirtualLab.

Polarizer in Focal Region

Demonstration of polarizer effect in the focal region, with high-NA illumination.

Programmable Light Source, Function, Interface and Medium

VirtualLab provides multiple tools to implement your custom sources, components, detectors etc. For documentation of such customized object the snippet help can be used.

Programming a Chirped Gaussian Pulse Spectrum

This example shows how to use Programmable Pulse Spectrum to generate a chirped Gaussian pulse, with the pulse specification given in time domain.

Programming a Degree of Coherence Detector

Based on the fully vectorial electromagnetic field information, a Programmable Detector is done for the calculation of the degree of coherence.

Programming a Detector for Diffractive Optics Merit Functions Calculation

Based on the full field information, and together with the Programmable Detector, several typically used merit functions in diffractive optics are realized in this example.

Programming a Module That Computes the Standard Deviation between Two Harmonic Fields

Gauging the accuracy of a given result is fundamental in science and engineering. In this use case we show you how to programme a module to compute the standard deviation between two fields.

Programming a Module that Smooths the Edges of a Structure

This programmable module is designed to be applied to the sharp result of a designed structure, and it will round off the edges according to user-specified values.

Programming a Sinusoidal Surface

In this document you can find an example for the Programmable Interface. Although the sinusoidal surface is provided ready-made in the catalog, we show you how to code it for illustration purposes.

Programming an Axicon Transmission Function

In this programming example we illustrate how to use the Programmable Function in VirtualLab to create a custom idealised component that performs like an axicon.

Programming Radially & Azimuthally Polarized Sources

See how to create a radially and an azimuthally polarized source, experimenting in the process with the programming of light sources and the potential of the Combined Light Source feature.

Resolving Sodium Doublet by Using a Czerny-Turner Setup

A physical-optics-based simulation of Czerny-Turner setup consisting of parabolic mirrors and blazed grating for Sodium doublet examination, is investigated.

Rigorous Simulation of Holographic generated Volume Grating

A holographic volume grating is analyzed by using the Fourier modal method. Both the spectral and angular properties are presented.

Shaping a Gaussian Laser Beam into a Donut Mode

With the iterative Fourier transfrom algorithm (IFTA) in VirtualLab, design of a phase-only beam shaper for generating a donut mode, with optical vortex phase distribution is presented.

Shaping of White Light by Using Prism / Grating / Mirror Cells Arrays

Design of different types of cells arrays, which are used behind white light LED for generating customized patterns, are presented.

Simulation of Laser Beam in Focal Region of High-NA Asphere

When a linearly polarized beam is focused by a high-NA lens, the focal spot shows asymmetry due to the relatively strong E(z) component.

Simulation of Waveguide with a Complex 2D Exit Pupil Expansion

A complex 2D exit pupil expander, which consist of both idealized and real gratings, is constructed and modeled, and the uniformity at the waveguide exit plane is presented.

Specification of Diffraction Orders for Grating Regions

The waveguide component allow to define an arbitrary set of grating regions per surface. Per grating region several parameters can be defined. The user can specify a set of selected orders for each grating region.

Stokes Parameters Measurement behind Tilted Polarizer

By using an idealized non-paraxial polarizer model, the interaction of a polarizer with incident wave from different angles is investigated, and the results are characterized by Stokes parameters.

Stress-induced Birefringence in Laser Crystals

The stress-induced birefringence in a YAG crystal is investigated, by examining the change of output field with respect to the strength of stresses.

System Analysis with Sequential and Non-Sequential Field Tracing

VirtualLab enables the user to build up an optical system once and analyze it with different tracing techniques. This use case demonstrates how the non-sequential analysis of your setup can be performed.

Tailored Light Outcoupling from Glass Plate with Arbitrarily Shaped Apertures

With the region concept in VirtualLab, apertures with arbitrary shapes can be defined flexibly. Situations with fully and partially illuminated apertures are shown.

Tolerance Analysis of a Fiber-Coupling Setup

In a fiber-coupling optical setup, the coupling efficiency is analyzed with respect to different tolerance factors like the shift of the position of the fiber end and the tilt of lens.

Ultrasparse Dielectric Nanowire Grid Polarizers

The polarization-dependent properties of ultra-sparse dielectric nanowire grids are analyzed by using the Fourier modal method (FMM).

Usage of Focal Length Analyzer

The focal length is an important parameter to evaluate an imaging system. By using the Focal Length Analyzer, the effective and back focal length of optical components can be obtained and used with parametric optimization.

Usage of PSF & MTF Detector

Point spread function (PSF) and modulation transfer function (MTF) are important optical quantities to evaluate the quality of an imaging system. In VirtualLab Fusion, PSF and MTF for an imaging system can be calculated fast and accurately.

Wavefront Error Detector

Wavefront error is defined as the difference between the reference wavefront phase, which is a constant phase or spherical phase, and the detected wavefront phase of one optical system. This use case shows how to handle a wavefront error detector in VirtualLab Fusion.

Talks

A physical-optics based concept for geometric and diffractive light shaping

We therefore introduce the concept of geometric and diffractive zones of fields. We describe and demonstrate design techniques for different applications of light shaping, including smooth and micro-structured surfaces, for different types of sources.

Fast physical-optics modeling of microscopy system with structured illumination

The Local Plane Interface Approximation (LPIA) algorithm, a free space propagation algorithm and the Fourier Modal Method (FMM) are all combined. We analyse the homogeneity of the spot-like illumination interference pattern at the focal plane, which should be accounted for in image processing.

Fast propagation of electromagnetic fields in graded-index (GRIN) media

Graded-index (GRIN) media are widely used for different situations. Modelling electromagnetic field propagation in GRIN media is of high importance for optical simulation and design. Based on the concept of fast physical optics, we develop a theory to efficiently propagate the field in GRIN media, including the effect of polarization cross-talk.

Fast propagation of electromagnetic fields in graded-index media

Graded-index (GRIN) media are widely used for different situations. Modelling electromagnetic field propagation in GRIN media is of high importance for optical simulation and design. Based on the concept of fast physical optics, we develop a theory to efficiently propagate the field in GRIN media, including the effect of polarization cross-talk.

How the design concepts of high-NA beam splitters & diffusers, as well as of beam shapers by freeform surfaces, are related
No description available.
Laser System Modeling with Fast Physical Optics

We emphasize on highly efficient solutions to Maxwell’s equations, based on 1) the paradigm shift of switching the main modeling domain from space to spatial frequency domain; 2) innovative Fourier transform concepts that minimize the field sampling parameters. We will present simulations of several typical modern laser systems based on fast physical optics modeling.

Non-paraxial Diffractive and Refractive Laser Beam Shaping

We discuss the implications of the modeling and the design of diffractive and refractive freeform surfaces in non-paraxial regions of the fields to shape the profile of a laser beam in its far field, its focus or any other region.

Non-Sequential Optical Modeling with VirtualLab Fusion

VirtualLab Fusion provides different approaches for non-sequential simulations through the entirety or part of an optical system. In non-sequential simulations with both ray and field tracing the user can control which light-propagation paths are to be considered.

Optical design of beam delivery systems for cw and pulsed lasers

In this talk the modeling of systems for femtosecond pulses is presented, including pulse compression and stretching by grating pairs, focusing by low and high NA systems, walk-off effects and second-harmonic generation (SHG) modeling.

Optical design of diffractive and freeform solutions for light shaping with VirtualLab Fusion

VirtualLab Fusion supports light shapping by freeform surfaces, diffractive beam splitters and pattern generators, diffusers, and general arrays of micro-optical components, including, but not limited to, micro-lens arrays.

Physical-optics modeling for optical components made of birefringent materials

In modern optics, a huge variety of components with specific purposes made from different materials are employed. Birefringent materials are often used for manipulating light in difference aspects. Especially, by analysis in the spatial frequency domain, the effect from birefringence can be clearly revealed and, based on that, we develop a fast numerical algorithm to model light propagation through such components.

Physical-optics modeling of diffractive/meta-lenses and their design

A diffractive or meta-lens can be modeled as local structures (e.g. local gratings) on a base interface. The rigorous Fourier modal method (FMM) is applied for the local micro-/nanostructures; then the phase modulations at each position can be collected to model the lens function.

Physical-optics simulation of optical interferometry systems

Modern interferometer-based optical-metrology technologies play an important role in many applications, and often consist of multi-disciplinary components. We present a physical-optics- based simulation approach.

Semi-analytical Fourier transform and its application to physical-optics modelling

The Fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm constitutes the backbone for fast physical optics modelling. In this talk we present the theory of the semi-analytical FFT alongside several examples to demonstrate the great potential of this approach.

Tailored Laser Beam Shaping by Freeform and Diffractive Optics

In this talk we will discuss the modeling and design of laser systems along applications like beam delivery and scanning, speaking also about the peculiarities of including gratings, etalons, graded-index media and crystals in said systems.

The concept of bidirectional operators and its application to the modeling of microstructures

The well-established ray-tracing concept of Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Function, used traditionally to model the scattering of rays at micro-structured surfaces, serves as the inspiration for what we have called “bidirectional”, or B, operators: a physical-optics generalization that refers not only to the modelling of surface scattering, but of any component in an optical system.

The Gouy Phase Shift Reinterpreted Via the Geometric Fourier Transform

Geometrical and physical optics tend to be presented as completely separate from each other, the links between the two tenuously acknowledged at best. However, when they are viewed for what they are it is evident that not only are they not separate, but that in fact the two types of behaviours very often coexist within the same system.

VirtualLab Fusion Documentation

Administrator's Manual

This document describes how VirtualLab Fusion is installed and how it can be updated. Questions which might occur during installation are being answered.

Release Notes

VirtualLab Fusion 2nd Generation Technology Update (Build 7.4.0.49)

VirtualLab Fusion – User's Manual

In this document you will get a deep introduction into VirtualLab Fusion.

Webinars

Non Sequential Physical Optics

In this webinar, we show how to enable non-sequential tracing in VirtualLab and application use cases, which get large benefits from it.

White Papers

VirtualLab Fusion Technologies — Collection of Research Papers

With this document we would like to provide you with a compact overview of VirtualLab Fusion’s theoretical and technological background, in connection with references for a more in-depth study.

  • White Paper (PDF)pdf13.07.2018
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