Downloads

Physical optics enables the access to any kind of light information in the desired image plane.

Demo.0002, Design, Diffractive Beam Splitter, Beam Splitter, Diffractive Optics, Light Shaping, Aspherical Lens, VCSEL

Demos

This Demo shows how to use a programmable detector, which can save the simulation result with interested parameter information include in the file name.

Auto Saving, Programmable Detector, Coupled File Name, Demo.0025 

Demos

In this demo we show how to import bitmap files into VirtualLab Fusion.

Demo.23, Bitmap File Import, bitmap, file import

Demos

Demo the diffraction efficiency of a volume holographic grating is investigated, which was generated by an impinging spherical and plane wave.

Calculation, Diffraction Efficiency, Reflective, Volume, Holographic Grating, Spherical Wave, Demo.0022 

Demos

In this demo we will show how to import measured chirped mirror data.

Demo.13, chirped mirror, ultrashort pulses

Demos

In this demo, we introduce a serrated beam apodizer.

Demo.0020, Diffraction Patterns behind Different Apertures, VLF

Demos

We will vary the separation between two fibers and simulate the electromagnetic field behavior on the x-z plane within the computational region.

Demo.12, Crosstalk, Planar Waveguides, programmable medium, electromagnetic field, VLF, VirtualLab Fusion

Demos

A phase-only transmission function is designed using the iterative Fourier transform algorithm. As an additional step, a phase-only transmission is designed without any phase dislocations.

Demo.0001, Design, Diffractive Beam Splitter, Beam Splitter, Diffractive Optics, Light Shaping, Dot Pattern, VCSEL

Demos

In this example, we demonstrated how to model an intraocular lens system using a conical diffractive lens.

Intraocular Diffractive Lens, Curved Surface, Demo.0024 

Demos

This demonstration shows the design of a DOE to widen a gausian into a top-hat shape.

Demo.0018, DOE, Top-Hat, Gaussian Beam 

Demos

We simulate a lightguide outcouple efficiency using a slanted outcouple grating and an ideal or binary incouple grating.

Diffractive, Lightguide, Incouple, Outcouple, Gratings, VLF, VirtualLab Fusion

Demos

In this demo we demonstrate a propagation of a Plane Wave through a Luneburg lens.

Demo.0013, Luneburg Lens, inhomogeneous medium, GRIN medium

Demos

In this Use Case we demonstrate a propagation of a Plane Wave through a Luneburg lens.

Luneburg Lens, inhomogeneous medium, GRIN medium, VLF, VirtualLab Fusion

Demos

In this demo, we illustrate the Fourier Transforms in an immersion objective system by using stratified media component.

Fourier Transform, Immersion Objective System, Stratified Media, Demo.0031 

Demos

The microstructures are analyzed rigorously in order to calculate accurate diffraction efficiencies for structure sizes in the range of the used wavelength.

Demo.0004, light propagation, periodic microstructure, grating, microstructure

Demos

This demonstration shows the capabilities of VirtualLab Fusion to calculate higher resonator modes together with their corresponding Eigenvalues.

Laser, Resonator, Modes, Demo.0021 

Demos

In this demonstration we show how to import GRIN-Media which are defined after “Gradient 5”-Shema in Zemax OpticStudio®.

Demo.0028, Import, Graded-Index Medium, GRIN, Graded Index Medium

Demos

In this demo, we show how to import measured lens surface data to VirtualLab Fusion.

Import, Measured Lens Surface Data, Demo.0023 

Demos

This demonstration shows a tool to import nonequidistant sampled surface that are given through lists in a .csv-file.

Nonequidistional, Import, Demo.0029 

Demos

This Demo shows how to use precalculated efficiency to define a grating in VirtualLab Fusion.

Import, Precalculated Diffraction Efficiencies, Demo.0027 

Demos

In this demo, we illustrate the workflow of how to import the BSDF measurement data into VirtualLab Fusion.

Import, BSDF, Demo.0033 

Demos

In this Demo we modeled the light propagation through lenses with a modulated refractive index.

Demo.0003, light propagation, refractive index, Cylindrical Modulation

Demos

Such metalenses are sensitive to the polarization of the input field and in this example we demonstrate the polarization behavior.

Metalens, Half-Wave Plate Model, nanofin

Demos

This demonstration shows the possibility in VirtualLab Fusion to include measured GDD-Data to control the shape of a pulse.

Modeling, Pulse Chirp, Optical Component, Demo.0019

Demos

In this Demo we seek to model the Moiré pattern in an optical setup.

Demo.0026, Moiré Fringes Generation, interference

Demos

In the Panel Type Source a uniform grid can be defined, where each point emits a spherical wave. Exemplarily, a uniform grid and a Gaussian profile is shown.

Demo.5, Panel Type Source, uniform grid, spherical wave, Gaussian beams

Demos

This demonstrations shows the propagation of a gaussian beam for a distance of 10 km.

Gauß, Long Distance, Demo.0036

Demos

This demonstration shows the propagation of a field through an uneven pinhole.

Pinhole, FMM, PML, Demo.0035 

Demos

In this setup we want to demonstrate a pulse train source that generates pulse trains by constructing a corresponding spectrum (frequency comb).

Demo.21, pulse train generator, pulse train

Demos

This demonstration simulates a retro reflector with rough surfaces.

Rough Surface, Microstructure, Random, Reflector, Demo.0032 

Demos

This demonstration shows the reflection of a field on a rough surface.

Rough Surface, Microstructure, Random, Demo.0030

Demos

In this demo we show how to design a diffuser for distinct target pattern for each of the RGB wavelengths. Furthermore, we will generate a Lightguide setup for guiding and separated outcoupling of the RGB modes.

Demo.6, RGB, Diffuser, Lightguide, transmission, grating, far field

Demos

In this Demo we seek to simulate the interference pattern in a Sagnac interferometer setup.

Demo.22, Sagnac interferometer, interferometry, non-sequential

Demos

In this demo we will model the moth-eye structure by a random (statistical) distribution of cones. For this purpose, the Random Cone Interface is used.

Demo.11, moth-eye structure, Random Cone Interface

Demos

VirtualLab Fusion can run in batch mode and thus enable cross-platform simulations when used alongside other software tools.

Cross-Platform, Simulation, cross platform, matlab, python

Product Sheets

How to couple light into optical fibers with high efficiency is of great concern for many applications, e.g., in telecommunication, remote sensing, and lasers.

fiber coupling, fiber-coupling, tolerance, analysis, optical fibers, optical fiber, focal region

Product Sheets

Gratings are important in modern optics. Subwave- and Metastructures require vectorial electromagnetic methods. VirtualLab Fusion provides full solutions.

gratings, optical systems, Subwavelength, structures, metastructures, vectorial electromagnetic methods,

Product Sheets

VirtualLab Fusion provides a complete workflow for diffractive-lens and HOE design.

Diffractive Lenses, Holographic Optical Elements, HOEs, hoe, diffractive-lens, zemay, microstructure, lens, fabrication, diffractive lenses

Product Sheets

The summer release 2019 of VirtualLab Fusion enables their inclusion in systems and therefore the evaluation of overall performance.

does, doe, diffusers, diffuser, light shaping, diffractive, optical, element, elements, illumination

Product Sheets

The VirtualLab AR & VR Solution Package is the only commercially available single-platform software that provides physical-optics modeling of AR & VR lightguides.

ar, vr, augmented reality, virtual reality, lightguides, interference, coherence, lightguide, fourier, kdomain, k-domain

Product Sheets

Metalenses and metasurfaces have risen to scientific fame by virtue of their unique properties for manipulation of electromagnetic fields, and nowadays their fabrication has become feasible.

Metalens, Metasurface, Holograms, hologram, meta lens, meta surface, electromagnetic, nanoscale

Product Sheets

Modern interferometers often consist of light sources with various coherence properties, and different components. VirtualLab Fusion is a unified platform for the modeling of such complex systems based on physical optics and with a user-friendly interface.

interferometer, interferometers, interferometry, optical, mach zehnder, michelson, fizeau, coherence

Product Sheets

In this work we discuss a rigorous k-domain (spatial frequency domain) method for fast calculation of electromagnetic fields propagating through GRIN media.

A k-domain, Graded-index (GRIN), Maxwell’s equations

Talks

We introduce the concept of geometric and diffractive zones of fields and demonstrate design techniques for different applications of light shaping.

light shaping, diffractive, electromagnetic, talks, talk

Talks

A lightguide in combination with grating regions is definitely a good candidate and we will discuss the concept and our current strategies to deal with them.

XR glasses, FOV, lightguides

Talks

We present the connection of the two specific solvers mentioned above in the context of a field-tracing approach.

Fourier Modal Method, Grating, Microscopy

Talks

Metasurfaces that are composed of nanopillars with high refractive indices have great potential in different applications. e.g. the LiDAR systems

Beam-Splitting, Metasurfaces, Metagratings, SPIE Photonics West 2021. LiDAR

Talks

Lightguide-based near-eye display devices are drawing much interest recently, and one of the key technologies are coupling gratings for the planar lightguide.

spatial-frequency domain, Fourier modal, Lightguide, near-eye display

Talks

VirtualLab Fusion, unlike most other optical simulation software, enables the complete workflow within a single software platform in a seamless manner.

Diffractive, Metasurfaces, single platform

Talks

The Local Plane Interface Approximation (LPIA) algorithm, a free space propagation algorithm and the Fourier Modal Method (FMM) are all combined.

Fast Physical-Optics, Modeling, Microscopy System, Structured Illumination, VirtualLab, LightTrans, talks, LPIA, FMM, talk

Talks

Based on the concept of fast physical optics, we develop a theory to efficiently propagate the field in GRIN media, including the effect of polarization cross-talk.

GRIN, graded-index media, graded index, VirtualLab, LightTrans, talks, talk

Talks

Advanced microscopy is often designed with physical-optics principles involved and they are used for the investigation of more complicated effects/phenomena.

microscopy, lithography, 3D-structured

Talks

We perform a fast-physical optics modeling of two-photon microscopy with 3D-structured illumination.

3D-structured illumination, image processing

Talks

For applications in the field of XR, devices based on light guiding are to combine the virtual image with the light impinging from the real-world environment.

XR, Field Tracing technology, AR glasses, lightguide

Talks

We demonstrate several classical physical optics effects: diffraction from slits, Talbot effect, Arago spot, Michelson/Mach-Zehnder/Young’s interferometers ...

Physical Optics, Optics Education, electromagnetic fields

Talks

We emphasize on highly efficient solutions to Maxwell’s equations, based on 1) the paradigm shift of switching the main modeling domain from space to spatial frequency domain; 2) innovative Fourier transform concepts that minimize the field sampling parameters. We will present simulations of several typical modern laser systems based on fast physical optics modeling.

modeling, laser system, maxwell, fourier, talks, talk

Talks

Traditionally, ray- and physical-optics approaches are separated in optical modeling and design. We present a unified modeling theory which is fully based on physical optics, but which also enables a seamless transition into the geometrical branch of physical optics where mathematically justified. This theory is applied to the modeling and design of light shaping systems. We show how established design techniques can be understood as particular cases of the unified theory. The unified concept provides flexible design approaches which combine the best of known techniques and even go beyond them.

Light Shaping from a Physical-Optics Perspective, EOSAM 2021

Talks

In this work, the field tracing tech niques for modeling light-shaping systems are presented, which reveals the optical element resulted from those geometric-base algorithm is not always accurate enough for the design task.

Light Shaping, physcial optics

Talks

After a brief introduction of the fast physical optics technology we demonstrate various examples from different fields of application.

Modeling, Design of Gratings, Diffusers, DOEs, Diffractive, Metalenses

Talks

We present a physical-optics-based approach to deal with the modeling of the whole diffractive-/metasurfaces.

Modeling, Diffractive-/Metasurfaces, Evaluations

Talks

A physical-optics-based approach to deal with the modeling of metasurfaces, with a locally extended rigorous analysis of several unit cells...

Metasurfaces

Talks

Diffractive and meta-lenses in optical systems play an important role in various applications like imaging systems, laser-beam shaping, bio/medical-optics, etc.

meta-lenses, FMM, RCWA

Talks

We discuss the implications of the optical design of diffractive and refractive freeform surfaces in non-paraxial regions of the fields.

non-paraxial, refractive laser beam, high na, talks, talk

Talks

In non-sequential simulations with ray and field tracing the user can control which light-propagation paths are to be considered.

non-sequential, field tracing, ray tracing, optical modeling, VirtualLab, LightTrans, talks, talk

Talks

Confocal microscopy has good imaging performance. We perform the physical-optics modeling of the real condenser lens system with full vectorial effects.

Confocal Microscopy, Lens System

Talks

We present the theoretical derivation and the numerical implementation. We illustrate its potential with examples.

physical-optics, Fourier transform, wavefront phase

Talks

Physical-optics system modeling can be performed by connecting different field solvers, which are selected to efficiently solve Maxwell’s equations...

Homeomorphic, Maxwell’s equations

Talks

In this talk the modeling of systems for femtosecond pulses is presented, including pulse compression and stretching by grating pairs...

beam delivery, pulsed lasers, laser, cw, VirtualLab, LightTrans, talks, talk, femtosecond, NA, SHG, second harmonic generation

Talks

VirtualLab Fusion supports light shapping by freeform surfaces, diffractive beam splitters and general arrays of micro-optical components...

diffractive, freeform, light shapping, VirtualLab, LightTrans, talks, talk, micro lens, microlens, diffractive beam splitters

Talks

In this work, we start with the optimization of coupling gratings for a single incident direction and analyze the effect when such optimized gratings are used in different situations.

Optimization, Coupling Gratings, Lightguide-Based Displays

Talks

Lightguide structures are widely applied in different applications, and, nowadays, the are drawing special interest in the field of near-to-eye display systems. Such systems are typically realized with either planar or curved lightguides together with gratings for coupling light out of or into the lightguides.

Lightguide, FOV, Systematic Design, near-to-eye display systems.

Talks

Though ray tracing gives insight also in the case of lightguides. VirtualLab Fusion we provide such a modeling approach for AR/MR, FOV.

AR/MR glasses, ray tracing, FOV

Talks

Based on interferometers, optical setups play an important role in modern optical metrology for different applications and various tasks.

Coherence, Optical Systems, Interferometry, Analysis

Talks

We obtain a physical-optics solution which reveals, in an isolated manner, all the effects which we know must appear, and dispel the geometrical-phyisical optics dichotomy in our understanding of the Gouy phase.

physical optics, diffraction, gouy phase, fourier transform, free-space propagation

Talks

In this work, we investigate the coupling of electromagnetic fields into fiber and similar micro-optics structures, and especially, we perform tolerance analysis of given system with respect to shift and tilt of the fiber and micro-optical sensors.

Physical Optics, Light Coupling, Fiber, Micro-Optical Sensors

Talks

In modern optics, a huge variety of components with specific purposes made from different materials are employed. Birefringent materials are often used for manipulating light in difference aspects. Especially, by analysis in the spatial frequency domain, the effect from birefringence can be clearly revealed and, based on that, we develop a fast numerical algorithm to model light propagation through such components.

birefringent, optical components, Maxwell, VirtualLab, LightTrans, talks, talk

Talks

A diffractive or meta-lens can be modeled as local structures (e.g. local gratings) on a base interface. The rigorous Fourier modal method (FMM) is applied for the local micro-/nanostructures; then the phase modulations at each position can be collected to model the lens function.

Fast Physical-Optics, Modeling, VirtualLab, LightTrans, talks, talk, FMM, meta-lens, diffractive

Talks

Interferometer-based setups play an very important role in modern optical metrology for different tasks.

Interferometer, optics, metrology, physical optics

Talks

With many modern applications requiring or benefitting from high-packaged energy delivered in a very short amount of time, ultrashort pulse sources acquire more and more interest. To focus on such kind of source, proper handling of the spatial and temporal distribution, as well as a possible coupling amongst the two domains is required.

Physical-Optics, Ultrashort Pulses, VIPO Symposium 2021

Talks

Modern interferometer-based optical-metrology technologies play an important role in many applications, and often consist of multi-disciplinary components. We present a physical-optics- based simulation approach.

Fast Physical-Optics, Modeling, interferometry, VirtualLab, LightTrans, talks, LPIA, FMM, talk

Talks

Optical fibers are often used to detect and monitor light signals in modern optical Metrology systems. The use of optical fibers helps to reduce the size of the optical system and makes the facilitate interconnection between systems.

optical metrology, micrometers, optical fibers

Talks

Optical fibers are widely used for collecting and monitoring light signals in modern optical metrology systems. The use of fibers helps reduce the size of optical system and makes the interconnection between systems convenient.

polarization effect, polarizer

Talks

We show how techniques are related to each other and how they can be used to improve maximum efficiency for non-paraxial illumination by laser beams.

Fast Physical-Optics, Modeling, VirtualLab, LightTrans, talks, talk

Talks

The Fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm constitutes the backbone for fast physical optics modelling. In this talk we present the theory of the semi-analytical FFT alongside several examples to demonstrate the great potential of this approach.

FFT, fast fourier transform, field components, VirtualLab, LightTrans, talks, talk

Talks

We discuss the use of miniaturized freeform surfaces in regular and randomized arrays. Furthermore, the inclusion of diffraction at the edges of the array cells is discussed and demonstrated at the example of a microlens array.

freeform surfaces, microlens array, high na

Talks

The modeling of the pulses starts with a temporal Fourier transform which convert the temporal signal into correlated spectral modes, so that the material dispersion effects can be included. Each spectral mode is polarized and therefore vectorial electromagnetic field information can be considered.

ultrashort pulses, spatio-temporal, F-theta lenses, field tracing, Fourier transform

Talks

Numerous parameters must be considered in order to design a functional AR/MR device which provides sufficient image quality and optical performance.

lightguide, ar

Talks

Gratings for coupling light into or out of lightguides for near-to-eye display systems are optimized regarding the angular dependency of the field of view.

coupling gratings, lightguide, Pareto optimization, design exploration

Talks

In this talk we will discuss the modeling and design of laser systems along applications like beam delivery and scanning, speaking also about the peculiarities of including gratings, etalons, graded-index media and crystals in said systems.

laser beam, shapping, diffractive optics, diffractive, VirtualLab, LightTrans, talks, talk

Talks

The well-established ray-tracing concept of Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Function, used traditionally to model the scattering of rays at micro-structured surfaces, serves as the inspiration for what we have called “bidirectional”, or B, operators: a physical-optics generalization that refers not only to the modelling of surface scattering, but of any component in an optical system.

ray tracing, bidirectional scatterin distribution function, b operators, VirtualLab, LightTrans, talks, talk

Talks

Geometrical and physical optics tend to be presented as completely separate from each other, the links between the two tenuously acknowledged at best. However, when they are viewed for what they are it is evident that not only are they not separate, but that in fact the two types of behaviours very often coexist within the same system.

Gouy Phase Shift, Geometric Fourier Transform, VirtualLab, LightTrans, talks, talk

Talks

VirtualLab Fusion enables fast physical-optics system modeling by connecting different solvers instead of applying one universal solver to the entire system.

master channel, connecting solvers, physical-optics, VirtualLab Fusion, field tracing, accuracy setting

Technology Whitepapers

The numerical accuracy of physical optics simulations is controlled by the numerical parameters of each solver, the sampling accuracy of the fields...

ray tracing, field tracing, accuracy of sampling, Fourier transform

Technology Whitepapers

The FMM/RCWA solver consists of an eigenmode solver for each periodically modulated layer and an S-matrix, in the spatial frequency domain (k domain).

TEC.0003, Fourier modal method, FMM, Rigorous coupled wave analysis, RCWA, S matrix, Grating, Nanostructure, Microstructure, Spatial frequency, k domain, Convergence

Technology Whitepapers

VirtualLab Fusion provides fast physical-optics modeling by connecting different field solvers.

TEC.0008, Lens, Lens functions, Idealized lens, Collimation, Focusing

Technology Whitepapers

The Fresnel matrix solver consists of an eigenmode solver for the homogeneous media on both sides of the interface and matching of the boundary conditions.

TEC.0001, Fresnel, Fresnel equations, Fresnel coefficients, Transmission coefficients, Reflection coefficients, Plane surface, Plane interface, Polarization

Technology Whitepapers

In ray tracing for lens systems the rays are originated in the object points and the specific selection is often done with respect to the stop...

ray tracing, field tracing, wavefront, shifted spehrical field source

Technology Whitepapers

We have started to enable the optional decomposition of a master region into subregions in x-domain which form the entrance to subchannels.

Microlens Array, subchannels, Channel Mode Management, Parameter Run, lens-type diffusers, flat lenses, diffractive lenses, metalenses, Fresnel

Technology Whitepapers

The idealized grating function works without any information about the actual shape of the grating structure.

TEC.0004, Grating, Idealized grating function, Grating equation, Diffraction efficiency, B matrix, k domain

Technology Whitepapers

The idealized lens functions works without the knowledge about actual lens surfaces and material.

TEC.0008, Lens, Lens functions, Idealized lens, Collimation, Focusing

Technology Whitepapers

The layer matrix solver consists of an eigenmode solver for each homogeneous layer and an S-matrix for matching the boundary conditions at all the interfaces.

TEC.0002, Layered medium, Stratified medium, S matrix, Boundary conditions

Technology Whitepapers

The LLGA solver assumes local plane wave and local linear grating interactions (x domain), using either the FMM/RCWA or TEA for the grating analysis.

TEC.0007, Diffractive lens, Holographic optics element, HOE, Grating, Diffraction, LLGA

Technology Whitepapers

A LPIA solver works in the spatial domain with an approximate local boundary condition, that assumes a local plane wave interaction with local plane interface.

TEC.0006, Curved surface, Curved interface, Refraction, Reflection, Transmission, LPIA

Technology Whitepapers

The RK-BPM solves the electromagnetic field propagation problem in a GRIN medium, by solving two ordinary differential equations simultaneously.

TEC.0012, Runge-Kutta X Domain, RKX, Graded-Index, GRIN, Inhomogeneous

Technology Whitepapers

We, the developers of VirtualLab Fusion, do not understand ray and physical optics as two disjunct modeling techniques between which the user must select...

Technology Whitepapers

Physical-optics modeling in VirtualLab Fusion is initialized by the light path finder algorithm, which searches for all possible light paths through the system...

ray tracing, field tracing, path finder, modeling analyser

Technology Whitepapers

One key technique for fast physical-optics modeling with VirtualLab Fusion is the channel concept which enables connecting solvers.

connecting solvers, physical-optics, key technique, optical design software

Technology Whitepapers

Coated slanted gratings can be configured easily within VirtualLab. This use case explains the available options for the customization of slanted gratings.

MISC.0058, Configuation, Slanted Gratings, Feature Use Case, Inclusion of Gratings, Imaging Systems

Use Cases

By placing a rotated rectangular aperture behind input fields with different sizes, the PSF and MTF in the focal plane are investigated.

MISC.0023, Advanced PSF & MTF, Calculation, System, Rectangular Aperture, Imaging Systems

Use Cases

An imaging system consisting of a collimation objective and human eye is modeled, and by changing the illumination conditions, the cases with fully and partially illuminated apertures are investigated.

MISC.0040, Advanced PSF & MTF Calculation, Imaging System, Near-eye displays, Virtual & Mixed Reality, Waveguide HUDs

Use Cases

When a linearly polarized Gaussian beam is focused by a high-NA aspheric lens, the PSF in focal plane shows asymmetry due to vectorial effects.

MISC.0022, Advanced PSF, Calculation, High-NA, Lens System, Advanced PSF & MTF, Imaging Systems

Use Cases

This use case explains the configuration and usage of the Microlens Array component in VirtualLab Fusion.

Micro Lens Array, channel, soft edge, diffuser, MLA.0001, microlens array, microlens, array

Use Cases

This use case explains the configuration and usage of the Microlens Array component in VirtualLab Fusion.

MLA.0001, Microlens Array, MLA, channel, subchannel, sub-channel, soft edge, inner, outer, shared, boundary, diffuser, microlens, array, micro lens

Use Cases

Within VirtualLab Fusion, we demonstrate the analyze afocal systems for the generation of laser guide stars, and further optimize the system to control the size of the artificial stars.

MISC.0083, Laser beam, Afocal system, Laser guide star, Diffraction, Beam size

Use Cases

We demonstrate how to analyze the polarization-dependent property of binary gratings rigorously, also to optimize the binary structures to obtain polarization-independent high diffraction efficiency.

GRT.0015, Grating, Polarization, Polarization insensitive, High efficiency, Rigorous analysis, Optimization, Fourier modal method, FMM, Rigorous coupled wave analysis, RCWA, Grating Design, Design, Littrow

Use Cases

An Offner system that consists of two concentric spherical mirrors is built up and its imaging property is investigated by using the non-sequential field tracing in VirtualLab.

MISC.0063, Analysis, Offner System, Non-Sequential Field Tracing, Advanced PSF & MTF, Imaging Systems

Use Cases

The Fourier modal method (FMM) can be used to analyze grating efficiencies rigorously in VirtualLab Fusion.

GRT.0001, Fourier Modal Method, RCWA, Blazed Grating Analysis, Diffraction Efficiency, Spectrum, Monochromators, Optical Metrology

Use Cases

Using the rigorous FMM / RCWA, we simulate CMOS sensor with pixel size equal to or below 2µm, and especially, the effectiveness of the microlenses is investigated.

GRT.0026, Microlens, Microlens array, CMOS, Detector, Sensor, Diffraction, FMM, RCWA

Use Cases

For a folded waveguide-based imaging system, the multiple apertures effect, including in- and outcoupling gratings and pupil aperture, is shown to affect the PSF and MTF on image plane.

Analysis, Folded Imaging System, Multiple Apertures, Near-eye displays, Waveguide HUDs, Virtual & Mixed Reality

Use Cases

To evaluate the image quality of a near-to-eye display system, it is important to include the influence from the waveguide structure. In this example, both planar and curved waveguide are investigated.

Analysis, Folded Imaging System, Planar Waveguide, Curved Waveguide, Near-eye displays, Waveguide HUDs, Virtual & Mixed Reality

Use Cases

It is demonstrated that the PSF is distorted due to the aberration caused by off-axis imaging.

MIC.0016, High-NA, Focusing, Objective Lens, Microscope, Off-Axial Imaging, PSF, LightTrans

Use Cases

It is demonstrated that the PSFs have different shapes when the orientation of the dipole source changes.

MIC.0018, High-NA, Objective Lens, Microscope, Dipole Source, PSF, LightTrans

Use Cases

Different slanted grating geometries are selected from literature, with varying slant angle, fill factor, and modulation depth, and the diffraction efficiencies are calculated with the Fourier modal method (FMM).

GRT.0009, slanted gratings, slanted grating, lightguide, coupling, gratings, Fourier modal method, FMM, rigorous coupled wave analysis, RCWA, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

High-NA objective lenses are widely used in optical lithography, microscopy, etc. Consideration of the vectorial nature of light in the simulation of the focusing is of great importance.

MIC.0003, high-NA, vectorial effects, vectorial component, VirtualLab Fusion, LightTrans

Use Cases

We construct an angular-filtering volume grating and apply it in a system to suppress the undesired higher diffraction orders from a beam splitting DOE.

GRT.0025, Holographic grating, Volume grating, Angular sensitivity, Angular filter, Angular-filtering grating, DOE, Higher-order supression, Microstructure Component, Microstructure, Volume Grating, Volume Holographic Grating, Volume Grating Medium

Use Cases

A very typical detector within VirtualLab Fusion is the camera detector which generates a chromatic fields set. This use case demonstrates how easy it is to convert a set of chromatic fields sets into an animation from a parameter run.

MISC.0027, camera detector, chromatic fields set, animation, parameter run

Use Cases

In VirtualLab, the variation of parameters in an optical system is freely customizable using the programmable mode of the Parameter Run feature. We use a specific example to illustrate the application of this programmable mode.

CZT.0005, Parameter Run

Use Cases

VirtualLab Fusion provides a unified free-space propagation concept in the k-domain, together with an automatic selection of appropriate Fourier transform techniques.

MISC.0001, Free-space, Propagation, Diffraction, Fourier transform, Fast Fourier transform, FFT, Semi-analytical Fourier transform, Homeomorphic Fourier transform

Use Cases

VirtualLab Fusion provides a unified free-space propagation concept in the k-domain, together with automatic selection of proper Fourier transform techniques.

MISC.0001, Free-space, Propagation, Diffraction, Fourier transform, Fast Fourier transform, FFT, Semi-analytical Fourier transform, Homeomorphic Fourier transform

Use Cases

In this example, we demonstrate how the Parameter Coupling feature of VirtualLab Fusion can be applied in order to automatize the positioning of a detector with respect to other parameters in the system.

SWF.0003, Parameter Coupling, Focus, PSF, Position, Detector, Snippet​

Use Cases

We use a HOE that combines the lens and axicon function to generate Bessel beam from the output of a single-mode fiber.

MISC.0088, Bessel beam, Axicon, Depth of focus, longitudinal focus, HOE

Use Cases

Have a look at the simulation of birefringence in VirtualLab Fusion and investigates the dependence of the effect on input polarization and crystal thickness.

Anisotropic Media, crystal, polarization, linear polarization, circular polarization, birefringent, birefringence, calcite, anisotropy, uniaxial, anisotropic

Use Cases

With the flexible channel configuration in VirtualLab Fusion, one can easily control the response of any surface and/or region, so to realize the desired modeling schemes.

MISC.0013, channels, channel configuration, non-sequential, tracing, waveguide, grating, surface, Using, Interfaces, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

Non-sequential field tracing is done with two steps in VirtualLab Fusion. Firstly, according to an adjustable accuracy factor, the light path through the system is detected. This light path finding can be controlled by the corresponding accuracy factor.

MISC.0052, Non-sequential, field tracing, light path, Channel Resolution Accuracy

Use Cases

By taking a fluorescent microscope as example, we analyze the chromatic effect for the high-NA objective lens, at the emitting wavelength and illumination wavelength, respectively.

MIC.0004, Microscopy, Microscope, Objective lens, High-NA, Vectorial, Polarization, Resolution, Chromatic, Wavelength

Use Cases

Beam apodization plays a key role in the design of high-energy lasers and beam-delivery systems. Thanks to VirtualLab Fusion’s highly customizable environment, a serrated beam apodizer is modeled using a plug-in transmission function.

MISC.0082​, Laser Beam “Clean-Up” with Spatial Filter

Use Cases

It is demonstrated that the fringe contrast in a Michelson interferometer with a light source of certain bandwidth varies when the optical path difference changes.

IFO.0002, Coherence Measurement, Michelson Interferometer, Fourier Transform, Spectroscopy

Use Cases

High-power laser diodes often exhibit asymmetric divergence and astigmatism. Collimation of such a laser diode is investigated with both ray tracing and field tracing.

MISC.0029, Collimation, Astigmatic Diode Laser Beam, Laser Beam, Objective Lens, Laser Systems, Beam Delivery

Use Cases

We show how to build up a shearing interferometer for the testing of laser beam collimation. By changing the collimation lens system, we observe the change in the interference fringes.

IFO.0013, Shearing interferometry, Shearing interferometer, Interference, Fringe, Beam expansion, Collimation testing, Non-sequential

Use Cases

For the task of coupling light into a single-mode fiber, two commercially available lenses are selected, and their performance are evaluated by using the overlap integral.

FCP.0002, Lens, Fiber, Fiber Coupling, Efficiency, Zemax Import, Aspherical Lens, Beam Delivery, Laser Systems

Use Cases

A complex lightguide system, including a 2D-periodic exit pupil expander in combination with slanted gratings in the outcoupler, is presented. PSF and MTF as well as lateral uniformity are evaluated.

LIG.0010, lightguide, light guide, light-guide, wave guide, waveguide, wave-guide, grating, slanted grating, eye pupil expander, AR, MR, AR&MR, MR&AR, augmented reality, mixed reality, human-eye-model, human eye model, eye model, 2D eye pupil expander, 2D-periodic

Use Cases

Both Fourier domains (space and spatial frequency) can be used as the domain of implementation for solvers in VirtualLab Fusion. We discuss the implications and analyze the plane surface as a special case.

Plane Surface, Solver, LPIA, Local Plane Interface Approximation, Fourier Transform, Fourier, Diffraction, Lens System, Curved Surface, Field Tracing, Etalon

Use Cases

Compound refractive lenses, which consists of tens or hundreds of individual cylindrical lenses, are used to focus x-ray fields one- and two-dimensionally.

XRAY.0004, Compound refractive lens, X-ray focusing, Focus, Lens, Refraction, Refractive,x ray, xray, focusing, air, cylindrical, cylinder

Use Cases

In VirtualLab Fusion, grating structures are configured in a “stack”, which can be constructed with either a sequence of interfaces or special media, depending on the geometry of the grating. In this use case the configuration of grating structures based on interfaces is explained. 

GRT.0004, Configuration, Grating Structures, Using, Interfaces, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

In the VirtualLab’s Grating Software Package grating structures can be configured by using a stack. In this use case the configuration of grating structures based on media is explained.

GRT.0005, Inclusion of Gratings, Imaging Systems, Configuration, Grating Structures, Media, Incusion of Gratings, Imaging Systems

Use Cases

In VirtualLab Fusion, complex 3D grating structures can be configured using stacks. This use case is focused on the configuration of grating structures which exhibit two-dimensional periodicity.

MISC.0050, Grating, 3D grating, pillar, cone, stack, grating structures, two-dimensional, periodicity

Use Cases

The conical refraction from a KGd crystal is demonstrated with the fast-physical-optics simulation technology in VirtualLab Fusion.

Conical Refraction, Biaxial Crystals, Crystal Modeling, Laser Systems, CRO.0001, VirtualLab Fusion Basic

Use Cases

VirtualLab Fusion allows for the specification of a graded-index lens in a very user-friendly way. In addition, such index-modulated lenses can be analyzed by ray tracing as well as by field tracing.

GRIN.0001, Construction, Modeling, Graded-Index Lens, LightTrans, VirtualLab Fusion

Use Cases

Light guides with coupling gratings can be set up in VirtualLab Fusion using the Light Guide component and its flexible region definition.

LIG.0001, lightguide, light guide, light-guide, wave guide, waveguide, wave-guide, region, channel, non-sequential, grating, TIR

Use Cases

This Use Case shows how to construct a pyramid-like surface by using the programmable surface in VirtualLab Fusion.

CZT.0042, truncated, pyramid, surface, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

The Parameter Coupling feature of VirtualLab Fusion can be used to link the values of different parameters in an optical setup, which allows the user to establish complex relationships between these parameters. ​

CZT.0006, Parameter Coupling, Parameter, Coupling, Grating, Snippet, Customize​

Use Cases

In this use case, VirtualLab Fusion’s visualization capability is illustrated. All users with various backgrounds may configure visualization setting on the GUI level.

MISC.0061, 1D view, y=f(x), axis, axes, graph, line, symbol, font size

Use Cases

We demonstrate how to use MATLAB to access the field solvers in VirtualLab Fusion, and use them together with MATLAB functions for analysis and optimization.

CPF.0001, Cross-Platform, Software, Batch, Interactive, Matlab, Parameter scan, Parametric optimization

Use Cases

We demonstrate how to use Python to access the field solvers in VirtualLab Fusion, and use them together with Python functions for further analysis.

CPF.0002, Cross-Platform, Software, Batch, Interactive, Python, Parameter scan

Use Cases

VirtualLab provides multiple tools to implement your custom sources, components, detectors etc. For documentation of such customized object the snippet help can be used.

CZT.0001, Programmable, Customizable Help, VirtualLab Fusion, LightTrans, Use Case

Use Cases

We present a customized detector which calculates the grating diffraction efficiencies over a user-defined incident-angle range, and also delivers the mean value and contrast of the efficiencies.

CZT.0107, detector, lightguide, coupling, grating, customized, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

A module in VirtualLab Fusion is generated to calculate the range of the period of a coupling grating, so as to fulfill the guiding condition of lightguides.

CZT.0108, Customized Module, Grating, Period, Calculation, Lightguides

Use Cases

A simulation of Czerny-Turner setup based on physical-optics, which comes with parabolic mirrors and blazed grating, is presented.

Czerny-Turner, Monochromator, Optical Metrology

Use Cases

Data is often stored in the form of .txt, .csv, .bmp etc. VirtualLab Fusion supports to import these data forms and store them into Data Array. VirtualLab Fusion supports also to save and load the settings of the import for multiple import sessions.

MISC.0025, import, data forms, Data Array, import sessions

Use Cases

A flash LiDAR system, consisting of array of sources, collimation lens system, and diffractive grating, is constructed and its working principle is shown in both the spatial and the spatial frequency domains.

MISC.0087, LiDAR, Detection, Measurement, 3D reconstruction, AR, Array of source, Grating, Beam splitting

Use Cases

We build up an imaging system, use metal-grid gratings as the test objects, and demonstrate Abbe’s theory on image formation with VirtualLab Fusion.

MIC.0009, Resolution, Abbe, Image formation, Imaging, Microscope, Grating, Diffraction, Interference, Fourier plane, Fourier image

Use Cases

In this document, we investigate the interference of Yong’s double-slit setup with an extended, partially coherent source, and demonstrated the van Cittert-Zernike theorem.

Young, double slit, extended source, partially coherent, partial coherence, van Cittert-Zernike Theorem

Use Cases

We show how to import an intraocular diffractive lens design from Zemax OpticStudio® into VirtualLab Fusion, model it with the actual binary structure, and optimize the structure height for better performance.

DFL.0001, Diffractive lens, Intraocular lens, Wavefront phase, Binary surface, Diffraction, Efficiency

Use Cases

The Fourier Modal Method (FMM) is applied for the rigorous evaluation of a non-paraxial diffractive beam splitter, which was initially designed using the Iterative Fourier Transform Algorithm (IFTA) and Thin Element Approximation (TEA).

DOE.0004, design, rigorous analysis, non-paraxial, diffractive beam splitter, splitter, grating, Fourier modal method, FMM, rigorous coupled wave analysis, RCWA, thin element approximation, TEA, IFTA, iterative Fourier transform algorithm, structure design, zeroth order, tolerance

Use Cases

We design a 2D metagrating for beam splitting. The metagrating is constructed, analyzed, and further optimized in VirtualLab Fusion, especially in terms of the uniformity of the diffraction efficiencies.

GRT.0021, Metagrating, Grating, Nano pillar, Beam splitting, Beam splitter, Non-Paraxial, Diffraction efficiency, Polarization, Optimization

Use Cases

Two diffractive diffusers, with continuous or discrete phase, for generating a LightTrans trademark are designed, and their performance is investigated.

DOE.0003, Design, Diffractive Diffuser, LightTrans Mark, Diffusers, Light Shaping

Use Cases

Designing of high-NA dot-projection system is of great practical use. In this example, a single phase plate for generating a 24,000 dots random pattern is designed.

VirtualLab, LightTrans, high-na, beam splitter, random pattern

Use Cases

With the user-friendly design tools in VirtualLab, a refractive beam shaper for shaping a fundamental Gaussian beam into top-hat profile is designed and analyzed.

MISC.0004,Refractive, Beam Shaper, Circular Top-Hat, Refractive Optics, Light Shaping

Use Cases

The iterative Fourier transform algorithm (IFTA) in VirtualLab Fusion enables customized beam splitters design with high efficiency and flexibility.

DOE.0002, IFTA, Beam Splitter, 2D Light Mark, Diffractive Optics, Light Shaping

Use Cases

A physical-optics-based simulation of Czerny-Turner setup, which consists of parabolic mirrors and blazed grating, is presented.

Czerny-Turner, Analysis, Diffraction, Efficiency, Monochromators, Optical Metrology

Use Cases

It is demonstrated that the energy densities at the tube lens and at the image plane are influenced by the diffraction of the aperture in the microscopy system.

MIC.0017, High-NA, Focusing, Objective Lens, Microscope, Aperture Difffraction, PSF

Use Cases

This use case demonstrates how the diffracted pattern changes when the reflection-type beam splitter (designed for normal incidence) rotates.

DOE.0001, Diffraction pattern, Diffractive beam splitter, Tilt, Rotation, Parabasal thin element approximation, Diffracted pattern, Zeroth order, Zeroth order error

Use Cases

With the advanced propagation technology in VirtualLab Fusion, we calculate the diffraction patterns for apertures with different shapes and study the property of diffraction.

MISC.0008, Aperture, Near field, Far field, Diffraction, Diffraction integral, Polygon, Programmable function

Use Cases

We construct a passive parity-time grating and analyze its diffraction property with respect to selected grating parameters and the polarization of light.

GRT.0018, Parity-Time symmetry, PT symmetry, PT grating, Diffraction, Efficiency, Fourier modal method, FMM, RCWA

Use Cases

It is demonstrated that the double helix PSF rotates when there is only a small defocus of the object point.

MIC.0019, High-NA, Objective Lens, Microscope, Double Helix, PSF

Use Cases

We demonstrate the effect of different mirror coatings on the characteristics of ultrashort pulses like peak value and pulse duration.

USP.0009, Ultrafast Optics, Chirp, GDD, Ultrashort Pulse, Mirror, Coating, Stratified Media Component, Quarter, Quarter Stack, Quarter Wavelength Stack, Stratified, Stratified Media

Use Cases

With the Electromagnetic Field Detector the user can access the fully vectorial electromagnetic field at any given plane in the system. We explain here how to handle this detector.

MISC.0035, Electromagnetic Field Detector, vectorial

Use Cases

With the perfectly matched layers (PMLs) technique, the interaction between a focused Gaussian beam and nanocylinders with varying diameters is investigated.

MISC.0045, Nanocylinder, Electromagnetic field, Maxwell, Rigorous, Perfectly matched layers, PML, Scattering

Use Cases

An optical metrology system with a silica spaced etalon is set up to measure the sodium D lines in VirtualLab Fusion, and the influence from the coating reflectance is investigated.

IFO.0012, Sodium D Lines, Etalon, Optical Metrology, Spectrometer, Fabry-Pérot

Use Cases

This document shows a programmable module that can export any kind of Harmonic Fields Set into ASCII files.

CZT.0013, export, harmonic fields, ascii, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

VirtualLab Fusion can export smooth and quantized interfaces, as well as mirror/prism/grating cells arrays into various file formats, e.g., STL and GDSII file format.

MISC.0065, Export, Fabrication Data, Feature Use Case, Light Shaping, Refractive Optics

Use Cases

VirtualLab Fusion can export smooth surfaces into various file formats, e.g., STL and other customized formats.

Export, Fabrication Data, Feature Use Case, Light Shaping, Refractive Optics

Use Cases

VirtualLab Fusion can export quantized HOE structure into various file formats. It is possible to export the files by a pixelized or polygon approach.

Export, Fabrication Data, Feature Use Case, Beam Splitter, Light Shaping, Refractive Optics，HOE

Use Cases

In this document, the export of data from a Parameter Run document is shown. A C# module is used to save the energy density distribution and numerical results to the desired file path on the hard disk.

MISC.0064, user-defined, programmable, programming, programmable, custom, customization, module, C#, parameter run, automatic, export, bitmap

Use Cases

Variation of parameters of an optical system can be done by using VirtualLab Fusion’s parameter run. In this use case the export of the provided results of the parameter run is explained.

MISC.0064, parameter run

Use Cases

VirtualLab Fusion supports the export of optical components specified in the system into various CAD formats. This includes for example the export of lenses, prisms, mirror systems and other components into STL and in IGES format.

MISC.0009, Export, Systems, Components, STL, IGES, Format, LightTrans, VirtualLab Fusion

Use Cases

The propagation of a 5-fs pulse through seawater is studied in VirtualLab Fusion. The broadening of the pulse and the change in its temporal profile due to dispersion of the material are shown.

MISC.0042, Femtosecond Pulse, Propagation, Dispersive Sweater, fs pulse modeling, Laser Systems

Use Cases

In this use case, we reproduce the experiments of Zheng et al. [Opt. Express 24 (2016)] to explore the atmospheric turbulence effects on the coupling efficiency between the free-space optical beam and few-mode fibers.

Free-space optical communication, fibers, atmospheric turbulence, few-mode fibers, LP modes, step-index fiber, graded-index fiber, Fiber Coupling

Use Cases

A Fizeau interferometer is set up with the help of non-sequential field tracing technology, and the interference fringes from several different test surfaces are shown.

IFO.0009, Fizeau Interferometer, Optical Testing, non-sequential

Use Cases

In optical modeling, a finite region is often used as the area for further operation. VirtualLab Fusion supports to generate regions in different manners with great ease.

MISC.0026, finite region, analytic region, sampled region

Use Cases

This use case walks you through the flexible region configuration in VirtualLab Fusion, which allows the user to define variously shaped regions for e.g. light-guide applications.

MISC.0091, lightguide, light guide, light-guide, wave guide, waveguide, wave-guide, region, channel, non-sequential, IFTA, region definition, polygon, regions, optimization region, evaluation region, diffractive optics merit functions, incoupling, in-coupling, coupler, incoupler, outcoupling, out-coupling, outcoupler, EPE, exit pupil expansion, eye pupil expansion, augmented reality, mixed reality, AR, MR, AR & MR, near-eye display, NED, head-up display, HUD

Use Cases

Several typical wavefront aberrations are selected as examples, and their corresponding focal spots are investigated with varying parameters.

MISC.0002, Free-space, Propagation, Diffraction, Fourier transform, Aberration, Defocus, Astigmatism, Coma, Trefoil

Use Cases

A laser diode with asymmetric divergence and astigmatism is first collimated and then focused. Evolution of the field in the focal region is investigated in detail.

MISC.0030, Focus Investigation, Aspherical Lens, Beam Delivery, Laser Systems

Use Cases

We demonstrate in VirtualLab Fusion the focusing of electromagnetic fields with properly designed apertures.

MISC.0081, Focusing System, Cascade Apertures, Parameter Overview, Parameter Run, Diffraction in System

Use Cases

This use case shows the focusing of an Ince-Gaussian mode through a GRIN medium representing a thermal lens.

Gaussian Beam, modes, Ince, Hermite, Laguerre, SRC.0002

Use Cases

It is demonstrated that the focusing of cylindrical vector beams. The vectorial effects of radially and azimuthally beams are demonstrated.

MIC.0013, High-NA, Focusing, Objective Lens, Microscope, Cylindrical Vector Beam, Radially Polarized, Azimuthally Polarized, LightTrans

Use Cases

The focusing process of a 10 fs pulse by using a high-NA parabolic mirror is modeled in VirtualLab Fusion, and both the spatial and temporal behaviors are investigated.

MISC.0044, Focusing, Femtosecond Pulse, High-NA, Off-Axis, Parabolic Mirror, fs pulse modeling, Laser Systems

Use Cases

It is demonstrated that the focusing of high order Gaussian-Laguerre beam generates donut-shaped PSF. The size of donut-shaped PSF can be adjusted by different high orders.

MIC.0014, High-NA, Focusing, Objective Lens, Microscope, STED, Gaussian-Laguerre Beam

Use Cases

The Footprint and Grating Analysis tool allows the optical designer to determine how the light will interact with the various grating regions of the lightguide.

beam position, footprint, heatmap, light guide, lightguide, grating, region, waveguide, augmented reality, mixed reality, AR, MR, near-eye, near eye, display, NED, head-up display, HUD, tool, design

Use Cases

As one of the most fundamental technologies in VirtualLab Fusion, Fourier transforms connect the space and spatial frequency domains. We discuss the Fourier transforms settings at different examples and show the consequences.

MISC.0003, Fourier transform, Fast Fourier transform, Semi-analytical Fourier transform, Pointwise Fourier transform, Diffraction, Pinhole, Gaussian beam

Use Cases

With a low-coherence Xenon lamp source, a Michelson interferometer is built up for precise scanning of the surface profile of a given specimen.

IFO.0004, Optical Topography, Scanning, Interferometry, Optical Metrology

Use Cases

This use case shows the variation of the focal length of the thermal lens, as well as the focus beam diameter when the input power changes [W. Koechner, Appl. Opt. 9, 2548–2553 (1970)]. This example is published in [H. Zhong, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 35].

GRIN.0004, Thermal Lens, Programmable Medium, Beam Parameters

Use Cases

We demonstrate the generation of optical beams carrying OAM by using spiral phase plates with different parameters.

MISC.0085, Orbital angular momentum, OAM, Spiral phase plate, Helical phase, Microstructure surface

Use Cases

With a Mach-Zehnder interferometer setup with two rotatable polarizers, we demonstrate the generation of spatially varying polarization.

IFO.0007, Spatially Varying, Polarization, Interference, Polarized Light

Use Cases

Following the idea of T. Wang et al., Appl. Phys. B 122:231 (2016), this use case demonstrates a Sagnac-interferometer scheme to generate vector beam.

IFO.0018, Vector beam, Interferometer, Sagnac-Interferometer, Quarter-wave plate, Spatial light modulator, SLM, Spiral phase

Use Cases

In this use case, smoothly varied grating parameters are introduced to lightguides for AR/MR applications, by using VirtualLab’s Footprint and Grating Analysis tool. Further, detailed results of the polarization-dependent diffraction efficiencies of the configured grating structures are provided.

Footprint, modulated grating, Light guide, uniformity, detector, grating, real grating, slanted, binary, lightguide, waveguide, wave guide, TIR, order, coupling, incoupler, coupler, outcoupler, augmented reality, mixed reality, AR & MR, AR, MR, near-eye display, NED, near eye display, head-up display, HUD, smooth, continuously

Use Cases

A workflow is presented for how to optimize a grating structure regarding a specified merit function using VirtualLab Fusion and the optimization software optiSLang.

LGC.0004, grating, optimization, VirtualLab Fusion, optiSLang

Use Cases

In VirtualLab Fusion, the Grating Order Analyzer can be used for convenient grating diffraction analysis, with results presented in various ways.

GRT.0002, Rayleigh coefficients, Feature, Grating order, analyzer, analyser, Imaging Systems, Inclusion of Gratings, Diffraction efficiency, Conical diffraction

Use Cases

We set up a pulse stretcher consisting of two diffractive gratings and investigate the pulse broadening effect induced by the interaction of the pulse with the gratings.

MISC.0076, Pulse, Ultrashort pulse, Pulse broadening, Stretcher, Compressor, Grating, Grating pair, Spatiotemporal, Spectral phase

Use Cases

Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) mirrors focus the grazing-incident X-ray field into a nanometer-scale spot. In this use case the modeling and evaluation of such KB mirror system is demonstrated.  

MISC.0089, X-Ray Imaging, Kirkpatrick–Baez Mirrors, KB, elliptical, mirrors, Focal Spot, focus, x, ray, grazing, incidence

Use Cases

In this use case we model the propagation of an X-ray field through a Hartmann wavefront sensor composed by an array of pinholes.

XRAY.0003, Hartmann Wavefront Sensor, Parameter Run, X-Ray, X Ray

Use Cases

A Herrig Schiefspiegler telescope with two mirrors, but with four reflections in a double-pass configuration, is modeled with the non-sequential ray and field tracing techniques in VirtualLab Fusion.

MISC.0053, Herrig Schiefspiegler Telescopes, Advanced PSF & MTF, Imaging Systems

Use Cases

This use case demonstrates the definition and usage of user-defined merit functions for the evaluation and optimization of order efficiencies of a diffractive high-NA beam splitter.

DOE.0005, user-defined, merit functions, programmable grating analyzer, parameterization, optimization, programming, programmable, binary, uniformity, efficiency, downhill-simplex, transition points, diffractive beam splitter, beam splitter, diffractive, IFTA, iterative Fourier transformation algorithm, Fourier modal method, FMM, custom, customization, RCWA

Use Cases

In high-NA focusing situations, e.g. with parabolic mirror, it is demonstrated that input fields with different polarizations leads to different focal spots.

MISC.0020, High-NA, Focusing, Off-Axis Parabolic Mirror, Advanced PSF & MTF, Imaging Systems

Use Cases

A two diffractive beam splitter system for high-NA pattern generation is designed with IFTA, and the system performance is investigated, especially with the non-paraxial splitter analyzed by using FMM.

High-NA, Pattern Generation, Combining, Two Beam Splitter Elements, Virtual Reality, Mixed Reality, VR, MR

Use Cases

A holographic volume grating is analyzed by using the Fourier modal method. Both the spectral and angular properties are presented.

GRT.0003, Simulation, Holographic, Volume Grating, FMM, Fourier modal method, Inclusion of Gratings, Imaging Systems

Use Cases

Using laterally shifted modes is one possible strategy to mimic partial spatial coherence. In this tutorial we show you how to manipulate the positions of the source modes via programming.

CZT.0106, source modes, programming, spatial coherence, programmable, Lighttrans, use case, virtuallab

Use Cases

In this feature Use Case different options for the customization of detector results in VirtualLab Fusion are demonstrated.

MISC.0094, Format, Results, Optical Tasks

Use Cases

This use case demonstrates how to import a previously designed real grating structure into the lightguide component and explains the role and handling of lookup tables.

Light guide, grating, real grating, slanted, binary, lightguide, waveguide, wave guide, TIR, order, coupling, incoupler, coupler, outcoupler, augmented reality, mixed reality, AR & MR, AR, MR, near-eye display, NED, near eye display, head-up display, HUD

Use Cases

With the panel-type source in VirtualLab it is possible to model a pixelated display, with the pixel pitch and the number of pixels as free parameters for the user to fix.

MISC.0068, Panel-Type, Source, Set Up, Customization

Use Cases

The Scanning Source in VirtualLab Fusion defines a multi-mode source that generates a set of truncated plane waves radiating into several pre-defined directions, which is of help for e.g. the modeling and evaluation of laser scanning systems.

MISC.0066, Scanning, Source, Scanning system, Field of view, FOV, Parameter Run, Scanning Source, Multi, Multi Source, Scanning-Source, Multi-Source, plane waves, plane wave, direction

Use Cases

In this tutorial we explain the basics of working with the C# Module: one of the most flexible, most advanced programmable items in VirtualLab Fusion!

CZT.0101, programmable, VirtualLab, LightTrans, c#

Use Cases

The Programmable Component is one of the most versatile programmable elements in VirtualLab. Follow this tutorial for instructions on a first contact with this feature!

CZT.0102, programmable component, ideal grating, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

In this tutorial we show how to work with the Programmable Detector, one of the most versatile customizable elements in VirtualLab Fusion.

CZT.0098, programmable, VirtualLab, LightTrans, Detector

Use Cases

In this document we explain how to work with the Programmable Function, using the example of a cylindrical lens.

CZT.0099, Configuration, Grating Structures, Using, Interfaces, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

In this document we explain how to work with the Programmable Interface, using the example of a simple spherical surface.

CZT.0096, programmable interface, spherical surface, Interfaces, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

In this document we show you how to work with the Programmable Source: a means to define the spatial dependence of a custom basic source mode. We use the Gaussian as an example.

CZT.0097, light source, programmable, VirtualLab, LightTrans, gaussian beam

Use Cases

In this detailed tutorial we explain how to create your own custom materials (refractive index with respect to wavelength) in VirtualLab Fusion.

CZT.0103, programmable material, refractive index, custom materials, linear dependence

Use Cases

In this detailed tutorial we explain how to create your own custom media (dependence of refractive index on position) in VirtualLab Fusion.

CZT.0104, programmable medium, thermal lens, refractive index, custom media

Use Cases

Discover how to create your own custom spectra via programming in VirtualLab Fusion with this in-depth tutorial on the topic, rounded up with a basic hands-on example.

CZT.0095, programmable spectrum, black-box radiation, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

A high-NA microscope for imaging of sub-wavelength grating is build up, and the influences from illumination with linear, radial, and azimuthal polarizations is investigated.

Imaging, Sub-Wavelength, Gratings, Vector Beam Illumination, Microscopy, Optical Metrology

Use Cases

Chromatic fields set are standard documents to show a light distribution in VirtualLab Fusion. This use case demonstrates the options for import and export chromatic fields sets.

MISC.0056, Chromatic fields, light distribution, import, export

Use Cases

VirtualLab Fusion can import the beam files from Zemax OpticStudio®, convert it into electromagnetic field information automatically, and support further propagation of the imported field.

CPF.0004, Zemax, OpticStudio, Import, Beam file

Use Cases

The import of a bitmap file, which contains height data of a microstructure is demonstrated. This example provides a step-by-step explanation of the required workflow in VirtualLab Fusion.

SWF.0001, Import, Bitmap file, Height Data, Microstructure

Use Cases

In this use case, we illustrate the workflow of how to import complex material data into VirtualLab Fusion’s material catalog.

Import, Material Data, SWF.0002 

Use Cases

VirtualLab Fusion allows the import of optical systems with the full 3D position information and glasses from Zemax OpticStudio®, and provides field tracing for further investigation of the imported system.

CPF.0003, Import, Optical Systems, Zemax OpticStudio, LightTrans, VirtualLab

Use Cases

This use case illustrates how to import the measured extraterrestrial sunlight spectrum, and how to subsequently employ said spectrum in an optical system.

Misc.0092, Spectrum, sunlight, sun, white light, import, Michelson Interferometer, dispersion

Use Cases

Ince-Gaussian Modes constitute an additional solution for the paraxial wave equation. This use case shows how to set up this kind of modes.

Gaussian Beam, modes, Ince, Hermite, Laguerre

Use Cases

It is demonstrated that the positions of the stop in a lens system have influence on the PSF, especially in the case of inclined illumination.

MISC.0021, Stop, Diffraction, PSF

Use Cases

VirtualLab Fusion provides three local and one global optimization algorithm. This use case introduces the associated Parametric Optimization document with its options and settings.

MISC.0090, Parametric, Optimization, Parameters, Merit Functions, local optimization, global optimization, Introduction

Use Cases

In this use case, we use a specified a step-index or graded-index fiber as source to generate a couple of propagation modes, and evaluate the aberration effects after propagation through an optical system.

Fiber, Linearly-Polarized Modes, LP Modes, Zernike, Aberration, Step-Index Fiber, Graded-Index Fiber, Bessel Modes, Laguerre Modes

Use Cases

In this use case we demonstrate the change in the effective focal length caused by thermal lensing on a lens. The deformation of the geometry and the steady-state temperature distribution are calculated using Ansys Mechanical and are then imported into VirtualLab.

Gaussian, Thermal Lens, Thermo-Mechanical Effect

Use Cases

The ghost image effect in a collimation lens system is investigated, by checking the reflections between uncoated surfaces with the non-sequential tracing technique.

MISC.0021,Investigation, Ghost Imaging Effects, Collimation System, Ghost Images, Imaging Systems

Use Cases

We use the Debye-Wolf integral calculator in VirtualLab Fusion for vectorial focal field investigation with different parameters.

MIC.0001, Microscopy, Microscope, Objective lens, Vectorial, Polarization, High-NA, Debye-Wolf integral, Resolution

Use Cases

For a diffractive beam shaper used together with focusing lens, the influence from lens aberrations on the system performance is investigated.

MISC.0017, Lens Aberrations, SLM, Beam Shaping, Setup, Diffractive Optics, Light Shaping

Use Cases

VirtualLab Fusion enables the detailed analysis of grating structures, with possible changes in the polarization state of the diffracted orders taken into consideration.

GRT.0008, Investigation, Polarization, State, Diffraction Orders, VirtualLab, LightTrans, Polarization Conversion, Sub-Wavelength, Fourier Modal Method, FMM, Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis, RCWA

Use Cases

This use case investigates light behind a microlens array. Effects in the near field, focal plane and far field are shown and discussed.

MLA.0002, Microlens-Array, Plane Wave, micro lens array, microlens, mla, microlens array, array

Use Cases

This use case explains the physical concepts employed in the k-Layout Visualization tool and demonstrates its usage.

k-layout, k domain, frequency domain, grating vector, Light guide, grating, waveoptics, lightguide, waveguide, wave guide, TIR, order, coupling, incoupler, coupler, outcoupler, augmented reality, mixed reality, AR & MR, AR, MR, near-eye display, NED, near eye display, head-up display, HUD

Use Cases

A spatial filtering system with a pinhole is modeled in VirtualLab Fusion. We demonstrate how the opening of the pinhole influences the output beam quality.

MISC.0082, Spatial filter, Beam clean-up, Fourier plane, Pinhole, Beam quality, Diffraction, Fourier transform

Use Cases

A Michelson interferometer is set up with the help of non-sequential tracing technology in VirtualLab Fusion, and the interference fringes in different configurations are demonstrated.

IFO.0001, Laser-Based, Michelson Interferometer, Interference Fringe Exploration

Use Cases

The Layout Design tool allows to design a custom “Hololens 1”-like augmented or mixed reality system according to the desired specifications.

LIG.0004, lightguide, light guide, light-guide, wave guide, waveguide, wave-guide, region, channel, non-sequential, tool

Use Cases

In VirtualLab Fusion you can export a summary of all system parameters in the light path diagram into an XML File. This use case shows how to export the parameters and how to visualize the parameters.

MISC.0028, export, summary, all system parameters, light path diagram, XML, export parameters

Use Cases

As one important issue for near-eye display (NED) design, the propagation of light through waveguide structure with tailored in- and outcoupling gratings can be easily modeled with the help of region and channel concept in VirtualLab Fusion.

Light Propagation, Waveguide, Light Propagation ,In- & Outcoupling Surface Gratings, Gratings, Near-eye displays, Waveguide HUDs, Virtual & Mixed Reality

Use Cases

In this use case we model a lightguide system that uses 2D-periodic grating structures (diamond-shaped), according to the approach from Patent WO2018/178626 (by Wave Optics LTD).

Lightguide, Patent O2018/178626, 1D-periodic grating structure, grating, slanted grating, programmable interface, wave optics, lightguide, light guide, light-guide, AR,MR, AR&MR, augmented reality, mixed reality, diamond shape, diamond, 2D

Use Cases

This use case shows a lightguide system with a so-called “butterfly pupil expansion”, based on patent US9791703B1 by Microsoft.

LIG.0010, lightguide, light guide, light-guide, wave guide, waveguide, wave-guide, grating, idealized grating, eye pupil expander, AR, MR, AR&MR, MR&AR, augmented reality, mixed reality, hololens, hololens 2, butterfly, 2D-periodic

Use Cases

We offer here an optical setup configured according to Littrow, which furthermore, via some programming, maintains those optimal positions even under a change of wavelength or grating period.

Grating, diffraction, Littrow, blazed, echelette, echelle, monochromator, spectrometer, resonator, parameter coupling, programming, customization, customisation, positioning, orientation

Use Cases

The Fiber Mode Calculator can be used to calculate linearly polarized (LP) propagation modes in a step-index fiber with a single core or a graded-index fiber with an infinite parabolic profile.

Fiber Mode, Calculator, FCP.0005

Use Cases

We build up a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in VirtualLab Fusion and demonstrate how the tilt and shift of component affect the interference fringe.

IFO.0005, Mach-Zehnder, Interferometer, Coherent Light, Interferometry, Optical Metrology

Use Cases

We build an optical setup, with two freeform optical elements, to transform orbital angular momentum (OAM) to linear one, for its measurement.

MISC.0086, Orbital angular momentum, OAM, Telecommunication, Encoding, Decoding, Freeform

Use Cases

Based on selected examples, we show how to construct and configure metagrating structure and materials in VirtualLab Fusion.

GRT.0022, Metagrating, Pillars, Square pillar, cylindrical pillar, Diffraction, Fourier modal method, FMM, RCWA

Use Cases

It is demonstrated that the contrast of the structured illumination pattern is influenced by the polarization of the incident beam.

MIC.0015, High-NA, Focusing, Objective Lens, Microscope, Structured Illumination

Use Cases

With the Mie solution for an electromagnetic plane wave in VirtualLab Fusion, we investigate the scattering effect of spherical particles with different radii and made of different materials.

MISC.0070, Mie solution, Mie scattering, Rayleigh scattering, Maxwell, Scattering, Scatter, Spherical particle, Rigorous, Electromagnetic field

Use Cases

This use case shows how to realize the shifted elementary-field method, reported by Tervo et al. [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 27 (9), 2010], to get an accurate model of an extended source.

partially coherent source, spatially extended source, shifted elementary-field method, double-slit, programmable mode, Parameter Run, extended source, coherence, coherent, spatial coherence

Use Cases

We design and construct a blazed metagrating in VirtualLab Fusion using square nano pillars, analyze its polarization-dependent diffraction efficiency, and further optimize it.

GRT.0020, Metagrating, Grating, Nano pillar, Diffraction efficiency, Polarization, Optimization

Use Cases

This use case shows a physical optics simulation of a Herriott cell for gas spectroscopy, including a demonstration with CO2.

MISC.0094, Herriott-Cell, Herriott, absorption, gas absorption, multipass absorption, multipass, multi-pass, multiple pass, multiple-pass, nonsequential, non-sequential, non sequential, spectroscopy, gas spectroscopyn, VirtualLab

Use Cases

This use case demonstrates the modeling of a device of a simple “HoloLens 1”-type layout with a Light Guide component capable of guiding light with a 32° × 18° FoV.

LIG.0002, Light guide, HoloLens, grating, grating regions, polygon, region waveoptics, lightguide, waveguide, wave guide, TIR, incouple, outcouple, EPE, expansion, augmented reality, mixed reality, AR, MR,

Use Cases

A hybrid eyepiece with a diffractive lens surface for correcting chromatic aberration is imported from Zemax OpticStudio® and analyzed further in VirtualLab Fusion, notably including the modeling of the actual diffractive surface structures with different quantization schemes.

DFL.0002, Diffractive lens, Wavefront phase, Chromatic aberration, Quantization, Quantized surface, Diffraction, Efficiency

Use Cases

This document demonstrates how a VCSEL array source can be modeled in VirtualLab Fusion.

Multiple light source, VCSEL array, Laguerre Gaussian

Use Cases

An image projection system is set up using the panel-type source. The performance of the system is evaluated by observing the spot grid in both the spatial and angular domains.

Image, Projection, Panel-Type, Display

Use Cases

We model the generation of Bessel beams with axicon with round tip and investigate how the round tip may influence the Bessel beam evolution.

MISC.0009, Bessel beam, Non-diffraction, Axicon, Round tip, Transmission function

Use Cases

We set up optical etalons with both planar and curved surfaces. With the nonsequential field tracing technique, the differences in the interference fringes are investigated.

IFO.0011, etalon, interference, multiple reflection, nonsequential, non-sequential, fringes

Use Cases

The Foucault knife-edge test is a well-known historical experiment to determine the characteristics of a given concave-shaped mirror. In this use case we model this test for a spherical and a parabolic mirror.

Misc.0092, Foucault knife, Foucault knife-edge, Foucault, knife-edge, knife edge, edge, aperture, stop, telescope, diffraction, aperture, modeling level

Use Cases

In VirtualLab Fusion, we perform a fully physical-optics modeling of a Graded-index lens system, which includes the polarization crosstalk effects.

GRIN.0002, Modeling, GRIN, Graded-Index, Lens, PSF, MTF, Polarization Crosstalk

Use Cases

A fast approach for light propagation through a GRIN medium, which includes the polarization crosstalk effect, is implemented, and its validity and advantages are shown in comparison with a rigorous solver.

GRIN.0003, Modeling, GRIN, Graded-Index, Multimode Fiber, Beam Delivery, Laser Systems

Use Cases

With the help of typical examples, we explain how to model grating within system and discuss topics like alignment of gratings, grating order selection, and angular response setting.

MISC.0005, Grating, Gratings in system, Diffraction, Grating order channel,

Use Cases

The imaging properties of microlens array with different lens shapes are investigated. Change of the focal spots with respect to aberration of input field is demonstrated.

Modeling of Microlens Array with Different Lens Shapes, Microlens and microcell arrays, Light Shaping

Use Cases

We demonstrate the modeling of the Talbot effect, a well-known near-field diffraction effect from periodic structures such as gratings.

MISC.0078, Talbot effect, Talbot distance, Talbot image, Talbot carpet, Transmission function, 1D, 2D, Periodic grating, Diffraction, Near field, Talbot, grating, gratings

Use Cases

We illustrate the modeling of interference and vignetting effects at a total internal reflection (TIR) prism. Dependent on the characteristics of the impinging light, these effects are introduced by the narrow gap between both prism parts.

IFO.0017, Total Internal Reflection, TIR, Prism

Use Cases

This document demonstrates how to achieve the desired intensity distribution of a specific VCSEL source via parametric optimization of two uncorrelated Gaussian modes with the help of the Multiple Light Source.

VCSEL, multiple light source, multimode Gaussian, Parametric Optimization

Use Cases

A module is programmed to measure the FFT execution time for a quadratic field with different numbers of sampling points, in float and/or double precision.

CZT.0014, fft, measurement, fourier transform, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

By using the non-sequential tracing technique in VirtualLab, the ray tracing analysis of a glass plate is performed.

MISC.0043, Non-sequential, Ray Tracing, Glass Plate, Near-eye display, Virtual & Mixed Realtiy, Waveguide HUDs

Use Cases

A Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a coherent laser source is build up in VirtualLab Fusion and analyzed by using the non-sequential Field Tracing. The different behavior of an idealized and a prism beam splitter is investigated, and the complementary interference pattern caused by the relative phase shift is demonstrated.

IFO.0016, Mach Zehnder, interferometry, Prism Beam Splitter

Use Cases

Gouy phase shift, which is a p phase term, can be observed by a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The interference along optical axis is constructive before focus, while destructive behind focus.

IFO.0006, Observation, Gouy Phase Shift, Mach-Zehnder Interferometer, interferometry

Use Cases

The vital role of diffraction in the Poisson-spot experiment provided proof of the wavelike nature of light. We perform here a simulation of this key experiment.

MISC.0072, Poisson spot, Arago spot, Diffraction, Aperture, Stop

Use Cases

This document illustrates the generation of vortex array laser beams using an Ince-Gaussian source with a Dove prism-embedded unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer, as first proposed by Chu et al. [Opt. Express 16, 19934-19949 (2008)].

Use Cases

A complete wafer inspection system including high-NA focusing effect and light interaction with microstructures is modeled, and the formation of image is demonstrated.

Optical System, Inspection, Micro-Structured Wafer, Inclusion of Gratings, Imaging Systems

Use Cases

This use case introduces the basic configuration of an anisotropic medium.

Anisotropic Media , Tutorial, Multimode, coating, crystal

Use Cases

In this example, we select one commercially available lens and show how to find the optimal working distance to obtain maximum fiber coupling efficiency by using field tracing.

FCP.0001, Single-Mode fibers, Coupling Light, Efficiency, Fibers, VirtualLab Fusion, LightTrans, Fiber Coupling

Use Cases

With the rigorous Fourier modal method (FMM) in VirtualLab Fusion and the evolutionary algorithm in optiSLang, we demonstrate the optimization of a binary grating for waveguide coupling for the desired field of view (FOV).

LGC.0003, Optimization, Binary Grating, Lightguide Coupling, FOV

Use Cases

We demonstrate the design workflow for optimizing a rectangular grating for one specific incidence direction to obtain maximum efficiency for a specific diffraction order.

GRT.0010, Optimization, Lightguide Coupling, Grating, Single Direction, Rectangular Grating, Fourier Modal Method, FMM, Efficiency

Use Cases

This use case demonstrates how to optimize a lightguide with continuously varying fill factor of the gratings in the EPE and outcoupler regions to achieve adequate lateral uniformity in the eyebox.

Optimization, lightguide, light guide, light-guide, wave guide, waveguide, wave-guide, grating, slanted grating, eye pupil expander, AR, MR, AR&MR, MR&AR, augmented reality, mixed reality, binary grating, continuous varied grating, uniformity, efficiency, downhill-simplex, fill factor, duty cycle

Use Cases

We optimize a slanted grating for waveguide coupling over desired field of view (FOV), by using VirtualLab Fusion and optiSLang in combination.

LGC.0005, slanted grating, FOV, lightguide coupling, optislang, VirtualLab Fusion

Use Cases

To ensure uniform multiple waveguide output channels, the outcoupling gratings are optimized, with their efficiencies calculated by the rigorous Fourier modal method.

Optimizing, Waveguide, Outcoupling Gratings, Uniform Multiple Channels, Near-eye displays, Waveguide HUDs, Virtual & Mixed Reality

Use Cases

In this use case we will explain the advanced orientation setting for gratings within a grating region. Currently grating regions are only available within the waveguide toolbox.

MISC.0059, advanced orientation setting, grating region, waveguide toolbox

Use Cases

With the Fourier modal method (FMM) as the kernel on which parametric optimization is then applied, a slanted grating is designed to achieve high diffraction efficiency for coupling light into waveguides. Fabrication tolerances including rounded edges are analyzed.

GRT.0007, Parametric, Optimization, Tolerance Analysis, Slanted Gratings, Inclusion of Gratings, Imaging Systems, Coupling, Waveguide, Slant Angle, Fill Factor, Fourier Modal Method, FMM, Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis, RCWA, Rounded edge, Integral method

Use Cases

In VirtualLab Fusion, users can easily construct a two-mirror laser resonator, and use parametric optimization to design this resonator to generate a desired output mode.

MISC.0014, two-mirror, laser resonator, parametric optimization

Use Cases

With the parametric optimization in VirtualLab Fusion, the design of a fiber coupling lens with conical surface, for efficient coupling into a single-mode fiber is presented.

FCP.0003, Parametric Optimization, Fiber, Fiber Coupling, Efficiency, Lens, Beam Delivery, Laser Systems

Use Cases

A scanning system consisting a dual-axis galvanometer and an aspherial focusing lens is modeled, with the rotation of the mirrors taken into simulation as in the practical case.

MISC.0041, Performance Analysis, Laser Scanning System, Scanning Systems, Laser Systems

Use Cases

With the scanning source in VirtualLab Fusion, we analyze the performance of an F-Theta lens by measuring the deviation of the focal spot position and the spot size for different scan angles.

MISC.0067, Evaluation, F-Theta, F-Theta lens, Scanning, Scanning lens, distortion, distortion analyzer, parameter coupling, parameter-coupling, coupling, field distortion, F Theta, F Theta Lens, Scanning Source, Galvo scanner, galvanometer scanner

Use Cases

The account different powerful computer system it, performance based parameters are introduced and explained.

Options, Handling, Global Options, Usage

Use Cases

This document illustrates the usage of the global options for personalization of the view settings of the VirtualLab Fusion.

Global options, visualization, customization, personalization, view settings, color table

Use Cases

With the flexible Fourier transform settings in VirtualLab Fusion, we model the diffraction effect from surface apertures and pinholes in a low-Fresnel-number system.

MISC.0080, Pinhole, Aperture, Diffraction, Diffraction in system, Low Fresnel number, paraxial, Focal spot, Exit pupil diffraction

Use Cases

This feature use case demonstrates the capabilities of the Polarization Analyzer for the analysis and optimization of grating structures.

GRT.0028, Polarization Analyzer, polarization, TE, TM, grating, Nanowire

Use Cases

The conversion of polarization of linearly polarized light in a calcite crystal is demonstrated in VirtualLab Fusion.

Polarization Conversion, Uniaxial Crystals, Crystal Modeling, Laser Systems

Use Cases

We construct a binary grating with sub-wavelength structure following the principle of form birefringence and demonstrate its polarization-dependent properties.

GRT.0027, Resonant gratings, Polarization, Polarization-dependent, Fourier modal method, FMM, RCWA

Use Cases

To model polarizer used in non-paraxial cases, an idealized model is implemented in VirtualLab, and the effect of a polarizer in the focal region is presented.

Polarizer, Focal Regions, Crystal Modeling, Laser Systems

Use Cases

In VirtualLab Fusion, users can select which information of position and orientation to be shown. This use case shows how to set up the position and orientation information display in a Light Path View.

MISC.0015, position, orientation, information display, Light Path View

Use Cases

We demonstrate the Goos-Hänchen shift for a dielectric slab with weak absorption, by measuring the lateral shift of the reflected beam with respect to the incidence angle.

MISC.0084, Goos-Hänchen shift, Reflection, Surface, Interface, Slab

Use Cases

In this programming example, we present some functions which were used in the Classic Field Tracing engine to propagate an electromagnetic field that was represented in an equidistantly sampled form.

CZT.0048, programmable component, free-space propagation, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

We show how to use a Programmable Grating Analyzer to access the grating diffraction information, to display it, and to use it for further analysisor optimization.

CZT.0109, Grating, Diffraction efficiency, Customization, Programming, Programmable, Parameter run

Use Cases

This example shows how to use Programmable Pulse Spectrum to generate a chirped Gaussian pulse, with the pulse specification given in time domain.

CZT.0039, programmable, VirtualLab, LightTrans, gaussian pulse spectrum, gaussian

Use Cases

Based on the fully vectorial electromagnetic field information, a Programmable Detector is done for the calculation of the degree of coherence.

CZT.0052, programmable, VirtualLab, LightTrans, Detector, Coherence, Coherence Detector

Use Cases

Based on the full field information, and together with the Programmable Detector, several typically used merit functions in diffractive optics are realized in this example.

CZT.0053, programmable, VirtualLab, LightTrans, detector, diffractive, merit

Use Cases

This example illustrate the access on field values in a Programmable Detector via source code, and it calculates the sum of all squared amplitudes on the optical axis including all field components.

CZT.0054, detector, square amplitude, optical axis, Lighttrans, use case, virtuallab

Use Cases

A Programmable Detector is constructed for saving a light distribution (harmonic fields set) to the desired file path on the hard disk.

CZT.0063, programming detector, automatically, save fields, programmable detector , VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

In this programming example we illustrate how to code a transmission function that imitates an opaque screen punctured by two round holes.

CZT.0029, programming, double pinhole, transmission, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

An example snippet is presented for defining a double slit function, with customizable slit width and distance in between.

CZT.0030, programmable, double slit, programming, fourier, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

This example shows how to realize an array of micro-lenses on a rectangular grid by using the Programmable Interface in VirtualLab.

CZT.0037, Programming, Micro-Lens Array, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

Gauging the accuracy of a given result is fundamental in science and engineering. In this use case we show you how to program a module to compute the standard deviation between two fields.

CZT.0009, programmable, VirtualLab, LightTrans, standard deviation, harmonic fields

Use Cases

Gauging the accuracy of a given result is fundamental in science and engineering. In this use case we show you how to program a module to compute the standard deviation between two fields.

CZT.0009, programmable, VirtualLab, LightTrans, standard deviation, harmonic fields

Use Cases

This programmable module is designed to be applied to the sharp result of a designed structure, and it will round off the edges according to user-specified values.

CZT, CZT.0024, programmable, VirtualLab, LightTrans, module, tolerance, edge, rounding, smoothing, structure

Use Cases

In this document you can find an example for the Programmable Function which defines an arbitrary number of equidistant slits with an arbitrary width and distance.

CZT.0059, programming, multiple slit, transmission, function, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

A convex-plano single lens is analyzed by scanning over the radius of curvature and its thickness with the Programmable Parameter Run in VirtualLab Fusion.

CZT.0043, scanning, parameter run, programming, VirtualLab Fusion, LightTrans, use case

Use Cases

In this document you can find an example for the Programmable Interface. Although the sinusoidal surface is provided ready-made in the catalog, we show you how to code it for illustration purposes.

CZT.0078, sinusoidal surface, VirtualLab, LightTrans,

Use Cases

In this example, the generation of sinusoidal volume grating is demonstrated, with the grating period and the refractive index modulation as user-defined parameters.

CZT.0069, Programming, Sinusoidal, Volume Grating, refractive index

Use Cases

This document shows a customizable spectral band filter in a system with a Gaussian pulse with a homogeneous spectrum.

CZT.0060, programming, spectral, band, filter, ASCII, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

A truncated cone structure is generated using the Programmable Interface, with its specifications (height, top/base diameter) as user-defined parameters.

CZT.0041, Programming, Truncated Cone, Surface, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

Using the Programmable Interface in VirtualLab Fusion, an anamorphic surface is programmed and especially with the surface gradient analytically given.

CZT.0034, Programming, Anamorphic Surface, customized, customization, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

In this programming example we illustrate how to use the Programmable Function in VirtualLab to create a custom idealised component that performs like an axicon.

CZT.0027, axicon, transmission, programming, VirtualLab Fusion, LightTrans

Use Cases

This example shows how to use a customized C# module to execute an IFTA design in VirtualLab Fusion.

CZT.0110, IFTA, Iterative Fourier transform algorithm, Module, Customization, Programming

Use Cases

See how to create a radially and an azimuthally polarized source, experimenting in the process with the programming of light sources and the potential of the Combined Light Source feature.

CZT.0105, light source, programmable, VirtualLab Fusion, LightTrans, radial azim, polarization

Use Cases

We investigate the relationship between the broadening of an ultrashort pulse and the dispersion of given materials that the pulse propagates through.

USP.0008, Pulse, Ultrashort pulse, Pulse broadening, Pulse duration, Dispersion, Chirp, Envelope, Dispersion, Dispersive media, Linear Fitting, Residual Phase, MISC.0074

Use Cases

We investigate the effects of subjecting an ultrashort pulse to propagation through a lens with high numerical aperture, in terms of its spatial, as well as of its temporal, profile.

MISC.0073, pulse, pulses, ultra-short pulse, ultra-short pulses, femtosecond pulses, femtosecond pulse, high-NA, high-NA lens, high numerical aperture, non-paraxial, laser, lens, spatio-temporal, field-tracing diagram

Use Cases

This Use Case demonstrates the characteristics of an ideal SSTF Setup including the effects of chirp.

USP.0006, Pulse-Front-Tilt, Simultaneously Spatial Temporal Focusing, Femtosecond Pulses

Use Cases

This use case demonstrates the modeling a compact reflective microscope system with a very high numerical aperture of 0.99 using VirtualLab Fusion’s fast physical optics technology. Further the result is compared to a reference.

MIC.0022, High-NA, Focusing, Objective Lens, Microscope, Reflective, Single-Molecule, Single Molecule, Molecule, Single-Molecule Microscopy

Use Cases

Following the Rayleigh criterion, we investigate the resolution of three microscope objective lenses with different numerical apertures.

MIC.0006, Microscopy, Microscope, Objective lens, Vectorial, Polarization, High-NA, Numerical aperture, Resolution, Rayleigh criterion

Use Cases

It is demonstrated that the resolution of a microscopy system depends on its numerical aperture.

MIC.0020, High-NA, Focusing, Objective Lens, Microscope, Abbe Criterion, LightTrans

Use Cases

A physical-optics-based simulation of Czerny-Turner setup consisting of parabolic mirrors and blazed grating for Sodium doublet examination, is investigated.

Czerny-Turner Setup, Resolving, Sodium Doublet, Spectrometers, Optical Metrology

Use Cases

With the Fourier modal method and the parametric optimization in VirtualLab Fusion, we demonstrate the analysis and design of anti-reflective moth-eye structures.

GRT.0011, Moth eye, Anti-reflective, Surface reflection, Grating, Diffraction efficiency, Fourier modal method, RCWA, Parametric optimization, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

With the rigorous Fourier modal method (FMM), we analyze the effects, especially the phase modulation, of nanopillar structures with varying diameters - the building blocks of metalenses.

GRT.0012, Nanopillar, Nano-pillar, Metasurface, Meta-surface, Phase modulation, Grating, Diffraction efficiency, Fourier modal method, RCWA, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

We apply the Fourier modal method (FMM / RCWA) within VirtualLab Fusion to analyze resonant waveguide gratings rigorously and demonstrate how to check the resonant effects with focused Gaussian beams.

GRT.0017, Resonant Waveguide Grating, Grating, Diffraction, Efficiency, Resonant mode, Fourier modal method, FMM, Rigorous coupled wave analysis, RCWA

Use Cases

A holographic volume grating is analyzed by using the Fourier modal method. Both the spectral and angular properties are presented.

GRT.0003, Simulation, Holographic, Volume Grating, FMM, Fourier modal method, Inclusion of Gratings, Imaging Systems

Use Cases

This use case demonstrates the usage of the Savitzky-Golay filter in order to smooth out a measured spectrum.

Misc.0091, Filter, Manipulations, Import, Data Array, Measurements, Noise Filtering, noise, Savitzky, Golay, Saviztky-Golay-Filter

Use Cases

The scanning mode of the Parameter Run document generates a simulation series of all combinations of specified parameter variations and provides specifically suited output options.

MISC.0075, Parameter, Parameter scan, Variation, Tolerance analysis, Combination, Performance evaluation

Use Cases

Design of different types of cells arrays, which are used behind white light LED for generating customized patterns, are presented.

MISC.0012, Shaping, White Light, Prism, Grating, Mirror Cells Array, Microlens and microcell arrays, Light Shaping

Use Cases

This use case introduces the feature of adding anisotropic coatings on surfaces and investigates the polarization conversion of a lambda/4 coating on a plane surface and a curved surface, respectively.

Anisotropic Media, coating, crystal, polarization, linear polarization, circular polarization, lambda, quarter, birefringent, birefringence, anisotropy, uniaxial

Use Cases

The working principle of a Shack-Hartmann sensor is shown using plane waves and spherical waves with different values of the numerical aperture. The sensor itself consists of a double-convex microlens array.

Microlens-Array, Plane Wave, Spherical Wave, Shack-Hartmann Sensor, micro lens array, mla, wavefront sensor, wavefront, micro-lens, microlens, USP.0006

Use Cases

In this use case, a Mirau interferometer is set up in VirtualLab Fusion, via the nonsequential channel concept. Typical interference fringe patterns are simulated.

IFO.0020, Mirau, interferometer, interferometry, microscope, fringes, semi-transparent

Use Cases

This use case demonstrates the application of conical refraction as a tool for polarization metrology.

CRO.0007, Conical Refraction, Biaxial Crystals, Crystal Modeling, Laser Systems, polarization, VirtualLab Fusion Basic

Use Cases

When a linearly polarized beam is focused by a high-NA lens, the focal spot shows asymmetry due to the relatively strong Ez component.

MISC.0031, Simulation, Laser Beam, Focal Region, High-NA, Asphere, Beam Delivery, Laser Systems

Use Cases

When SLMs are often employed as programmable diffractive optical elements, the influence from the pixel gaps on the system performance is investigated.

MISC.0016, Diffraction of Pixels, SLM, Diffractive Optics, Light Shaping

Use Cases

The investigation of the influence of real gratings on the efficiency and uniformity of a lightguide are of essential importance. This use case shows an example with a slanted grating as incoupler and binary surface relief grating as EPE and outcoupler.

LIG.0007, lightguide, light guide, light-guide, wave guide, waveguide, wave-guide, grating, slanted grating, binary grating, 1D-1D eye pupil expander, AR, MR, AR&MR, MR&AR, augmented reality, mixed reality

Use Cases

In this use case, the relationship between the number of alternate birefringent layers and the Bragg reflection condition is explored with VirtualLab Fusion. The variation of the reflectance efficiency with different wavelengths and incident angles is further investigated.

Anisotropic, Birefringent, liquid crystal display (LCD), multilayer, reflective polarizer

Use Cases

This document illustrates how to use the Multiple Light Source in VirtualLab Fusion.

Multiple light source, Tutorial, Multimode

Use Cases