Downloads

VirtualLab Fusion enables fast physical-optics system modeling by connecting different solvers instead of applying one universal solver to the entire system.

master channel, connecting solvers, physical-optics, VirtualLab Fusion, field tracing, accuracy setting

Technology Whitepapers

The numerical accuracy of physical optics simulations is controlled by the numerical parameters of each solver, the sampling accuracy of the fields...

ray tracing, field tracing, accuracy of sampling, Fourier transform

Technology Whitepapers

The FMM/RCWA solver consists of an eigenmode solver for each periodically modulated layer and an S-matrix, in the spatial frequency domain (k domain).

TEC.0003, Fourier modal method, FMM, Rigorous coupled wave analysis, RCWA, S matrix, Grating, Nanostructure, Microstructure, Spatial frequency, k domain, Convergence

Technology Whitepapers

VirtualLab Fusion provides fast physical-optics modeling by connecting different field solvers.

TEC.0008, Lens, Lens functions, Idealized lens, Collimation, Focusing

Technology Whitepapers

The Fresnel matrix solver consists of an eigenmode solver for the homogeneous media on both sides of the interface and matching of the boundary conditions.

TEC.0001, Fresnel, Fresnel equations, Fresnel coefficients, Transmission coefficients, Reflection coefficients, Plane surface, Plane interface, Polarization

Technology Whitepapers

In ray tracing for lens systems the rays are originated in the object points and the specific selection is often done with respect to the stop...

ray tracing, field tracing, wavefront, shifted spehrical field source

Technology Whitepapers

We have started to enable the optional decomposition of a master region into subregions in x-domain which form the entrance to subchannels.

Microlens Array, subchannels, Channel Mode Management, Parameter Run, lens-type diffusers, flat lenses, diffractive lenses, metalenses, Fresnel

Technology Whitepapers

The idealized grating function works without any information about the actual shape of the grating structure.

TEC.0004, Grating, Idealized grating function, Grating equation, Diffraction efficiency, B matrix, k domain

Technology Whitepapers

The idealized lens functions works without the knowledge about actual lens surfaces and material.

TEC.0008, Lens, Lens functions, Idealized lens, Collimation, Focusing

Technology Whitepapers

The layer matrix solver consists of an eigenmode solver for each homogeneous layer and an S-matrix for matching the boundary conditions at all the interfaces.

TEC.0002, Layered medium, Stratified medium, S matrix, Boundary conditions

Technology Whitepapers

The LLGA solver assumes local plane wave and local linear grating interactions (x domain), using either the FMM/RCWA or TEA for the grating analysis.

TEC.0007, Diffractive lens, Holographic optics element, HOE, Grating, Diffraction, LLGA

Technology Whitepapers

Local Plane Interface Approximation (LPIA) solver work in the spatial domain (x domain) with an approximate local boundary condition.

TEC.0006, Curved surface, Curved interface, Refraction, Reflection, Transmission, LPIA

Technology Whitepapers

The RK-BPM solves the electromagnetic field propagation problem in a GRIN medium, by solving two ordinary differential equations simultaneously.

TEC.0012, Runge-Kutta X Domain, RKX, Graded-Index, GRIN, Inhomogeneous

Technology Whitepapers

We, the developers of VirtualLab Fusion, do not understand ray and physical optics as two disjunct modeling techniques between which the user must select...

Technology Whitepapers

Physical-optics modeling in VirtualLab Fusion is initialized by the light path finder algorithm, which searches for all possible light paths through the system...

ray tracing, field tracing, path finder, modeling analyser

Technology Whitepapers

One key technique for fast physical-optics modeling with VirtualLab Fusion is the channel concept which enables connecting solvers.

connecting solvers, physical-optics, key technique, optical design software

Technology Whitepapers

Technology Whitepapers

VirtualLab Fusion provides tools which generate a 3D visualization of optical systems and can therefore be used to check the positioning of elements...

SWF.0015, 3D System View, 3D, System View, Setup View, Visualization, System Visualization, Ray Tracing, Ray, System, Setup, Optical Setup, Optical Setup View, Optical Setup Visualization, System View 3D

Use Cases

Different types of wavefront aberrations are selected exemplarily, and the resulting focal spots are investigated for varying strength of the aberrations.

MISC.0002, Free-space, Propagation, Diffraction, Fourier transform, Aberration, Defocus, Astigmatism, Coma, Trefoil, Focus, Focal Region, Function, Phase Function

Use Cases

In this use case we demonstrate how the shape of a set of modes generated by either a step- or graded-index fiber.

FCP.0006, Fiber, Linearly-Polarized Modes, LP Modes, Zernike, Aberration, Step-Index Fiber, Graded-Index Fiber, Bessel Modes, Laguerre Modes, Fiber Coupling

Use Cases

A solar cell based on copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) is simulated, and the absorption in the CIGS layer calculated.

MISC.0096, CIGS, solar cell, photovoltaic, photovoltaic cell, solar energy, solar, renewable energy, stratified media, layer, layered system, layered media, absorption, copper indium gallium selenide

Use Cases

This use case shows how to overlay a point cloud (e.g. a dot diagram) onto another result document (e.g. an electromagnetic field result).

SWF.0028, Graphic Add-on, Add-on, Graphic addon, graphics addon, graphics add-on, visualization, post processing, post-processing, point cloud, pointcloud, point-cloud, add point cloud, gridless, gridless data, add gridless data, add points, points

Use Cases

Graphics Add-Ons are a tool inside VirtualLab Fusion that allows the overlay of information, such as regions, onto a Data Array.

SWF.0029, Graphic Add-on, Add-on, Graphic addon, graphics addon, graphics add-on, visualization, post processing, post-processing, region, data array, regions, overlay

Use Cases

Coated slanted gratings can be configured easily within VirtualLab. This use case explains the available options for the customization of slanted gratings.

MISC.0058, Configuation, Slanted Gratings, Feature Use Case, Inclusion of Gratings, Imaging Systems

Use Cases

By placing a rotated rectangular aperture behind input fields with different sizes, the PSF and MTF in the focal plane are investigated.

MISC.0023, Advanced PSF & MTF, Calculation, System, Rectangular Aperture, Imaging Systems

Use Cases

An imaging system consisting of a collimation objective and human eye is modeled, and by changing the illumination conditions, the cases with fully and partially illuminated apertures are investigated.

MISC.0040, Advanced PSF & MTF Calculation, Imaging System, Near-eye displays, Virtual & Mixed Reality, Waveguide HUDs

Use Cases

When a linearly polarized Gaussian beam is focused by a high-NA aspheric lens, the PSF in focal plane shows asymmetry due to vectorial effects.

MISC.0022, Advanced PSF, Calculation, High-NA, Lens System, Advanced PSF & MTF, Imaging Systems

Use Cases

This use case explains the configuration and usage of the Microlens Array component in VirtualLab Fusion.

MLA.0001, Microlens Array, MLA, channel, subchannel, sub-channel, soft edge, inner, outer, shared, boundary, diffuser, microlens, array, micro lens

Use Cases

Within VirtualLab Fusion, we demonstrate the analyze afocal systems for the generation of laser guide stars, and further optimize the system to control the size of the artificial stars.

MISC.0083, Laser beam, Afocal system, Laser guide star, Diffraction, Beam size

Use Cases

We demonstrate how to analyze the polarization-dependent property of binary gratings rigorously, also to optimize the binary structures to obtain polarization-independent high diffraction efficiency.

GRT.0015, Grating, Polarization, Polarization insensitive, High efficiency, Rigorous analysis, Optimization, Fourier modal method, FMM, Rigorous coupled wave analysis, RCWA, Grating Design, Design, Littrow

Use Cases

An Offner system that consists of two concentric spherical mirrors is built up and its imaging property is investigated by using the non-sequential field tracing in VirtualLab.

MISC.0063, Analysis, Offner System, Non-Sequential Field Tracing, Advanced PSF & MTF, Imaging Systems

Use Cases

The Fourier modal method (FMM) can be used to analyze grating efficiencies rigorously in VirtualLab Fusion.

GRT.0001, Fourier Modal Method, Blazed Grating Analysis, Diffraction Efficiency, Spectrum, Monochromators, Optical Metrology

Use Cases

Using the rigorous FMM/RCWA, we simulate a CMOS sensor with pixel size equal to or below 2µm, and the influence of diffraction effects at such a small...

GRT.0026, Microlens, Microlens array, CMOS, Detector, Sensor, Diffraction, FMM, RCWA

Use Cases

We analyze how varying different parameters of the system can affect the position of the focal plane.

SWF.0040, Parameter Coupling, coupling, focus, spherical aberration, spherical lens, focal plane, focus position, programming, find focus, find focus position, C#, diffraction, compensator, defocus

Use Cases

For a folded waveguide-based imaging system, the multiple apertures effect, including in- and outcoupling gratings and pupil aperture, is shown to affect the PSF and MTF on image plane.

Analysis, Folded Imaging System, Multiple Apertures, Near-eye displays, Waveguide HUDs, Virtual & Mixed Reality

Use Cases

To evaluate the image quality of a near-to-eye display system, it is important to include the influence from the waveguide structure. In this example, both planar and curved waveguide are investigated.

Analysis, Folded Imaging System, Planar Waveguide, Curved Waveguide, Near-eye displays, Waveguide HUDs, Virtual & Mixed Reality

Use Cases

It is demonstrated that the PSF is distorted due to the aberration caused by off-axis imaging.

MIC.0016, High-NA, Focusing, Objective Lens, Microscope, Off-Axial Imaging, PSF, LightTrans

Use Cases

It is demonstrated that the PSFs have different shapes when the orientation of the dipole source changes.

MIC.0018, High-NA, Objective Lens, Microscope, Dipole Source, PSF, LightTrans

Use Cases

Different slanted grating geometries are selected from literature, with varying slant angle, fill factor, and modulation depth, and the diffraction efficiencies are calculated with the Fourier modal method (FMM).

GRT.0009, lightguide, coupling, Fourier modal method, FMM, rigorous coupled wave analysis, RCWA, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

High-NA objective lenses are widely used in optical lithography, microscopy, etc. Consideration of the vectorial nature of light in the simulation of the focusing is of great importance.

MIC.0003, high-NA, vectorial effects, vectorial component, VirtualLab Fusion, LightTrans

Use Cases

We construct an angular-filtering volume grating and apply it in a system to suppress the undesired higher diffraction orders from a beam splitting DOE.

MIC.0025, Holographic grating, Volume grating, Angular sensitivity, Angular filter, Angular-filtering grating, DOE, Higher-order supression

Use Cases

A very typical detector within VirtualLab Fusion is the camera detector which generates a chromatic fields set. This use case demonstrates how easy it is to convert a set of chromatic fields sets into an animation from a parameter run.

MISC.0027, camera detector, chromatic fields set, animation, parameter run

Use Cases

In VirtualLab, the variation of parameters in an optical system is freely customizable using the programmable mode of the Parameter Run feature. We use a specific example to illustrate the application of this programmable mode.

CZT.0005, Parameter Run

Use Cases

VirtualLab Fusion provides a unified free-space propagation concept in the k-domain, together with automatic selection of proper Fourier transform techniques.

MISC.0001, Free-space, Propagation, Diffraction, Fourier transform, Fast Fourier transform, FFT, Semi-analytical Fourier transform, Homeomorphic Fourier transform

Use Cases

We demonstrate how the Parameter Coupling feature of VirtualLab Fusion can be applied in order to automatized positioning of a detector...

SWF.0003, Parameter Coupling, Focus, PSF, Position, Detector, Snippet​, detector positioning, automatic, positioning, parameter, coupling

Use Cases

We use a HOE that combines the lens and axicon function to generate Bessel beam from the output of a single-mode fiber.

MISC.0088, Bessel beam, Axicon, Depth of focus, longitudinal focus, HOE

Use Cases

Have a look at the simulation of birefringence in VirtualLab Fusion and investigates the dependence of the effect on input polarization and crystal thickness.

Anisotropic Media, crystal, polarization, linear polarization, circular polarization, birefringent, birefringence, calcite, anisotropy, uniaxial, anisotropic

Use Cases

Non-sequential field tracing is done with two steps in VirtualLab Fusion. Firstly, according to an adjustable accuracy factor, the light path through the system is detected. This light path finding can be controlled by the corresponding accuracy factor.

MISC.0052, Non-sequential, field tracing, light path, Channel Resolution Accuracy

Use Cases

With the flexible channel configuration in VirtualLab Fusion, one can easily control the response of any surface and/or region, to realize the desired model

MISC.0013, channels, channel configuration, non-sequential, tracing, waveguide, grating, surface, Using, Interfaces, VirtualLab, Fusion, LightTrans

Use Cases

A hybrid eyepiece with an idealized diffractive lens surface for correcting chromatic aberration is imported from OpticStudio® and analyzed in detail.

DFL.0002, Diffractive lens, Wavefront phase, Chromatic aberration, Diffraction, Efficiency, Local linear grating approximation, On-axis, Off-axis, On axis, Off axis, hybrid model, eyepiece, eye-piece, eye piece

Use Cases

By taking a fluorescent microscope as example, we analyze the chromatic effect for the high-NA objective lens, at the emitting wavelength and illumination wavelength, respectively.

MIC.0004, Microscopy, Microscope, Objective lens, High-NA, Vectorial, Polarization, Resolution, Chromatic, Wavelength

Use Cases

Beam apodization plays a key role in the design of high-energy lasers and beam-delivery systems. Thanks to VirtualLab Fusion’s highly customizable environment, a serrated beam apodizer is modeled using a plug-in transmission function.

MISC.0082​, Laser Beam “Clean-Up” with Spatial Filter

Use Cases

It is demonstrated that the fringe contrast in a Michelson interferometer with a light source of certain bandwidth varies when the optical path difference changes.

IFO.0002, Coherence Measurement, Michelson Interferometer, Fourier Transform, Spectroscopy

Use Cases

To speed up your optical design process, the coherence measurement is performed using distributed computing in VirtualLab Fusion.

DC.0001, distributed computing, interferometry, white light, coherence speed, parallelization, network, coherence measurement, server, DC

Use Cases

The Coherence Time and Length Calculator easily determines the coherence time and length for a given source with a specified bandwidth...

SWF.0038, Coherence Time, Coherence Length, Coherence, Calculator, Interferometry, Bandwidth, Peak Wavelength, Peak Frequency,

Use Cases

High-power laser diodes often exhibit asymmetric divergence and astigmatism. Collimation of such a laser diode is investigated with both ray tracing and field tracing.

MISC.0029, Collimation, Astigmatic Diode Laser Beam, Laser Beam, Objective Lens, Laser Systems, Beam Delivery

Use Cases

We show how to build up a shearing interferometer for the testing of laser beam collimation. By changing the collimation lens system, we observe the change in the interference fringes.

IFO.0013, Shearing interferometry, Shearing interferometer, Interference, Fringe, Beam expansion, Collimation testing, Non-sequential

Use Cases

For the task of coupling light into a single-mode fiber, two commercially available lenses are selected, and their performance are evaluated by using the overlap integral.

FCP.0002, Lens, Fiber, Fiber Coupling, Efficiency, Zemax Import, Aspherical Lens, Beam Delivery, Laser Systems

Use Cases

A Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a coherent laser source is build up in VirtualLab Fusion and analyzed by using the non-sequential Field Tracing.

IFO.0016, Mach Zehnder, interferometry, Prism Beam Splitter

Use Cases

A complex lightguide system, including a 2D-periodic exit pupil expander in combination with slanted gratings in the outcoupler, is presented. PSF and MTF as well as lateral uniformity are evaluated.

LIG.0010, lightguide, light guide, light-guide, wave guide, waveguide, wave-guide, grating, slanted grating, eye pupil expander, AR, MR, AR&MR, MR&AR, augmented reality, mixed reality, human-eye-model, human eye model, eye model, 2D eye pupil expander, 2D-periodic

Use Cases

Both Fourier domains (space and spatial frequency) can be used as the domain of implementation for solvers in VirtualLab Fusion. We discuss the implications and analyze the plane surface as a special case.

Plane Surface, Solver, LPIA, Local Plane Interface Approximation, Fourier Transform, Fourier, Diffraction, Lens System, Curved Surface, Field Tracing, Etalon

Use Cases

Compound refractive lenses, which consists of tens or hundreds of individual cylindrical lenses, are used to focus x-ray fields one- and two-dimensionally.

XRAY.0004, Compound refractive lens, X-ray focusing, Focus, Lens, Refraction, Refractive,x ray, xray, focusing, air, cylindrical, cylinder

Use Cases

In VirtualLab Fusion, grating structures are configured in a “stack”, which can be constructed with either a sequence of interfaces or special media, depending on the geometry of the grating. In this use case the configuration of grating structures based on interfaces is explained. 

GRT.0004, Configuration, Grating Structures, Using, Interfaces, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

In the VirtualLab’s Grating Software Package grating structures can be configured by using a stack. In this use case the configuration of grating structures based on media is explained.

GRT.0005, Inclusion of Gratings, Imaging Systems, Configuration, Grating Structures, Media, Incusion of Gratings, Imaging Systems

Use Cases

In VirtualLab Fusion, complex 3D grating structures can be configured using stacks. This use case is focused on the configuration of grating structures which exhibit two-dimensional periodicity.

MISC.0050, Grating, 3D grating, pillar, cone, stack, grating structures, two-dimensional, periodicity

Use Cases

This use case gives an overview of the different options and tools a user has access to when working with an Optical Setup file.

SWF.0009, Profile, Profile Editor, Profile Editing, Ray Result, Ray Tracing, Field Result, Field Tracing, Ray Result Profile, Field Result Profile, Fourier Transform, Fourier Transformation, Pointwise Fourier Transform, Pointwise Fourier Transformation, Pointwise, Parameter, Parameter Run, Parametric Optimization, Optical Setup, Parameter Editor

Use Cases

The conical refraction from a KGd crystal is demonstrated with the fast-physical-optics simulation technology in VirtualLab Fusion.

Conical Refraction, Biaxial Crystals, Crystal Modeling, Laser Systems, CRO.0001, VirtualLab Fusion Basic

Use Cases

VirtualLab Fusion allows for the specification of a graded-index lens in a very user-friendly way. In addition, such index-modulated lenses can be analyzed by ray tracing as well as by field tracing.

GRIN.0001, Construction, Modeling, Graded-Index Lens, LightTrans, VirtualLab Fusion

Use Cases

Light guides with coupling gratings can be set up in VirtualLab Fusion using the Light Guide component and its flexible region definition.

LIG.0001, lightguide, light guide, light-guide, wave guide, waveguide, wave-guide, region, channel, non-sequential, grating, TIR

Use Cases

This Use Case shows how to construct a pyramid-like surface by using the programmable surface in VirtualLab Fusion.

CZT.0042, truncated, pyramid, surface, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

The Parameter Coupling feature of VirtualLab Fusion can be used to link the values of different parameters in an optical setup, which allows the user to establish complex relationships between these parameters. ​

CZT.0006, Parameter Coupling, Parameter, Coupling, Grating, Snippet, Customize​

Use Cases

In this use case, VirtualLab Fusion’s visualization capability is illustrated. All users with various backgrounds may configure visualization setting on the GUI level.

MISC.0061, 1D view, y=f(x), axis, axes, graph, line, symbol, font size

Use Cases

We demonstrate how to use MATLAB to access the field solvers in VirtualLab Fusion, and use them together with MATLAB functions for analysis and optimization.

CPF.0001, Cross-Platform, Software, Batch, Interactive, Matlab, Parameter scan, Parametric optimization

Use Cases

We demonstrate how to use Python to run a parameter sweep for a simulation in VirtualLab Fusion.

CPF.0005, Cross-Platform, Software, Batch, Interactive, Python, Parameter scan

Use Cases

VirtualLab provides multiple tools to implement your custom sources, components, detectors etc. For documentation of such customized object the snippet help can be used.

CZT.0001, Programmable, Customizable Help, VirtualLab Fusion, LightTrans, Use Case

Use Cases

We present a customized detector which calculates the grating diffraction efficiencies over a user-defined incident-angle range, and also delivers the mean value and contrast of the efficiencies.

CZT.0107, detector, lightguide, coupling, grating, customized, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

A module in VirtualLab Fusion is generated to calculate the range of the period of a coupling grating, so as to fulfill the guiding condition of lightguides.

CZT.0108, Customized Module, Grating, Period, Calculation, Lightguides

Use Cases

The Czerny-Turner setup – a famous historical example of a monochromator – is demonstrated in this use case, including an further application.

Czerny-Turner, Monochromator, Optical Metrology, GRT.0030, Czerny, Czerny-Turner Setup, Czerny Turner Setup, Sawtooth, Sawtooth-Grating, spectroscopy, grating, parabolic mirror, parabolic, component, stack, spherical wave, spherical source

Use Cases

Data is often stored in the form of .txt, .csv, .bmp etc. VirtualLab Fusion supports to import these data forms and store them into Data Array. VirtualLab Fusion supports also to save and load the settings of the import for multiple import sessions.

MISC.0025, import, data forms, Data Array, import sessions

Use Cases

A flash LiDAR system, consisting of array of sources, collimation lens system, and diffractive grating, is constructed and its working principle is shown in both the spatial and the spatial frequency domains.

MISC.0087, LiDAR, Detection, Measurement, 3D reconstruction, AR, Array of source, Grating, Beam splitting

Use Cases

We build up an imaging system, use metal-grid gratings as the test objects, and demonstrate Abbe’s theory on image formation with VirtualLab Fusion.

MIC.0009, Resolution, Abbe, Image formation, Imaging, Microscope, Grating, Diffraction, Interference, Fourier plane, Fourier image

Use Cases

This Use Cases shows the working principle of a dot projector, including a comparision between an idealized and real design of a diffractive beam splitter.

MISC.0077, Dot projector, Dot cloud, Face ID, Beam splitting, VCSEL, Multimode, Grating, Lens, Lenses, non-paraxial, non paraxial, beam splitter, point cloud, point projector,

Use Cases

In this document, we investigate the interference of Yong’s double-slit setup with an extended, partially coherent source, and demonstrated the van Cittert-Zernike theorem.

Young, double slit, extended source, partially coherent, partial coherence, van Cittert-Zernike Theorem

Use Cases

In this use case, a focusing metalens based on dielectric, cylindrical pillars is designed and analyzed in detail. The parameters used..

GRT.0031, metalens, metasurface, lens, nanopillar, flat optics, pillar, meta, metamaterial, meta-material, meta material, meta-lens, meta lens, meta-surface, meta surface

Use Cases

We show the import of an intraocular diffractive lens design (Zemax OpticStudio®) into VirtualLab Fusion and optimize the structure for better performance.

DFL.0001, Diffractive lens, Intraocular lens, Wavefront phase, Binary surface, Diffraction, Efficiency

Use Cases

The Fourier Modal Method (FMM) is applied for the rigorous evaluation of a non-paraxial diffractive beam splitter.

DOE.0004, design, rigorous analysis, non-paraxial, diffractive beam splitter, splitter, grating, Fourier modal method, FMM, rigorous coupled wave analysis, RCWA, thin element approximation, TEA, IFTA, iterative Fourier transform algorithm, structure design, zeroth order, tolerance

Use Cases

We design a 2D metagrating for beam splitting. The metagrating is constructed, analyzed, and further optimized in VirtualLab Fusion, especially in terms of the uniformity of the diffraction efficiencies.

GRT.0021, Metagrating, Grating, Nano pillar, Beam splitting, Beam splitter, Non-Paraxial, Diffraction efficiency, Polarization, Optimization

Use Cases

Two diffractive diffusers, with continuous or discrete phase, for generating a LightTrans trademark are designed, and their performance is investigated.

DOE.0003, Design, Diffractive Diffuser, LightTrans Mark, Diffusers, Light Shaping

Use Cases

With the user-friendly design tools in VirtualLab, a refractive beam shaper for shaping a fundamental Gaussian beam into top-hat profile is designed and analyzed.

MISC.0004,Refractive, Beam Shaper, Circular Top-Hat, Refractive Optics, Light Shaping

Use Cases

The iterative Fourier transform algorithm (IFTA) in VirtualLab Fusion enables customized beam splitters design with high efficiency and flexibility.

DOE.0002, IFTA, Beam Splitter, 2D Light Mark, Diffractive Optics, Light Shaping

Use Cases

The Diffraction Angle Calculator of VirtualLab Fusion is a convenient tool for calculations involving the grating equation...

SWF.0037, Grating Equation, Diffraction Grating, Grating, Calculator, Order, Orders, Angle, Angles, Polar Diagram, Polar Coordinates, Polar

Use Cases

A physical-optics-based simulation of Czerny-Turner setup, which consists of parabolic mirrors and blazed grating, is presented.

Czerny-Turner, Analysis, Diffraction, Efficiency, Monochromators, Optical Metrology

Use Cases

It is demonstrated that the energy densities at the tube lens and at the image plane are influenced by the diffraction of the aperture in the microscopy system.

MIC.0017, High-NA, Focusing, Objective Lens, Microscope, Aperture Difffraction, PSF

Use Cases

This use case demonstrates how the diffracted pattern changes when the reflection-type beam splitter (designed for normal incidence) rotates.

DOE.0001, Diffraction pattern, Diffractive beam splitter, Tilt, Rotation, Parabasal thin element approximation, Diffracted pattern, Zeroth order, Zeroth order error

Use Cases

With the advanced propagation technology in VirtualLab Fusion, we calculate the diffraction patterns for apertures with different shapes and study the property of diffraction.

MISC.0008, Aperture, Near field, Far field, Diffraction, Diffraction integral, Polygon, Programmable function

Use Cases

We construct a passive parity-time grating and analyze its diffraction property with respect to selected grating parameters and the polarization of light.

GRT.0018, Parity-Time symmetry, PT symmetry, PT grating, Diffraction, Efficiency, Fourier modal method, FMM, RCWA

Use Cases

This Use Case introduces the Diffractive Lens Component and gives an overview about its options, settings, and computation method.

SWF.0008, Diffractive Lens Component, Diffractive Lens, Ideal Diffractive Lens, Real Diffractive Lens, Local Linear Grating Approximation, LLGA, TEA, FMM, RCWA

Use Cases

This Use Case introduces the Microstructure and Diffractive Optical Element (DOE) components and gives an overview over their options and settings.​

SWF.0001, Microstructure Component, Microstructure, DOE, Diffractive Optical Element, Diffractive, Diffractive Element, Beam Splitter, Diffusor, Diffuser, Beam Shaper, Shaper, Splitter, Diffractive Optical Element Component, DOE Component

Use Cases

This use case introduces the Distortion Analyzer in the optical design software VirtualLab Fusion, illustrated with the example of a spherical lens.

SWF.0003, Analyzer, Distortion Analyzer, Distortion, Spherical Lens, Aberration, Angle, Focus, Focusing, Focusing System, lens, lens system, objective

Use Cases

It is demonstrated that the double helix PSF rotates when there is only a small defocus of the object point.

MIC.0019, High-NA, Objective Lens, Microscope, Double Helix, PSF

Use Cases

We demonstrate the effect of different mirror coatings on the characteristics of ultrashort pulses like peak value and pulse duration.

USP.0009, Ultrafast Optics, Chirp, GDD, Ultrashort Pulse, Mirror, Coating, Stratified Media Component, Quarter, Quarter Stack, Quarter Wavelength Stack, Stratified, Stratified Media

Use Cases

With the Electromagnetic Field Detector the user can access the fully vectorial electromagnetic field at any given plane in the system. We explain here how to handle this detector.

MISC.0035, Electromagnetic Field Detector, vectorial

Use Cases

With the perfectly matched layers (PMLs) technique, the interaction between a focused Gaussian beam and nanocylinders with varying diameters is investigated.

MISC.0045, Nanocylinder, Electromagnetic field, Maxwell, Rigorous, Perfectly matched layers, PML, Scattering

Use Cases

This use case demonstrates the basic principles of ellipsometry and illustrates the use of the built-in ellipsometry analyzer in VirtualLab Fusion.

SWF.0019, Ellipsometry, polarization, elliptical polarized, linear polarized, Fresnel coefficient, phase change, amplitude change, Thin film

Use Cases

This document shows a programmable module that can export any kind of Harmonic Fields Set into ASCII files.

CZT.0013, export, harmonic fields, ascii, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

VirtualLab Fusion can export smooth and quantized interfaces, as well as mirror/prism/grating cells arrays into various file formats, e.g., STL and GDSII file format.

MISC.0065, Export, Fabrication Data, Feature Use Case, Light Shaping, Refractive Optics

Use Cases

VirtualLab Fusion can export smooth surfaces into various file formats, e.g., STL and other customized formats.

Export, Fabrication Data, Feature Use Case, Light Shaping, Refractive Optics

Use Cases

VirtualLab Fusion can export quantized HOE structure into various file formats. It is possible to export the files by a pixelized or polygon approach.

Export, Fabrication Data, Feature Use Case, Beam Splitter, Light Shaping, Refractive Optics，HOE

Use Cases

MISC.0064, user-defined, programmable, programming, programmable, custom, customization, module, C#, parameter run, automatic, export, bitmap

Use Cases

VirtualLab Fusion supports the export of optical components specified in the system into various CAD formats. This includes for example the export of lenses, prisms, mirror systems and other components into STL and in IGES format.

MISC.0009, Export, Systems, Components, STL, IGES, Format, LightTrans, VirtualLab Fusion

Use Cases

The propagation of a 5-fs pulse through seawater is studied in VirtualLab Fusion. The broadening of the pulse and the change in its temporal profile due to dispersion of the material are shown.

MISC.0042, Femtosecond Pulse, Propagation, Dispersive Sweater, fs pulse modeling, Laser Systems

Use Cases

In this use case, we reproduce the experiments of Zheng et al. [Opt. Express 24 (2016)] to explore the atmospheric turbulence effects on the coupling efficiency between the free-space optical beam and few-mode fibers.

FCP.0007, Free-space, optical communication, fibers, atmospheric turbulence, few-mode fibers, LP modes, step-index fiber, graded-index, fiber

Use Cases

The field curvature describes the difference between the designed focal plane and the actual focal curve of an objective (lens).

SWF.0002, Analyzer, Field Curvature Analyzer, Field Curvature, Spherical Lens, Object Height, Angle, Analyzer, Spherical lens, Aberration

Use Cases

This example demonstrate, how to calculate the distribution of the electromagnetic field inside a 1D or 2D-periodic micro- or nano structure.

SWF.0018, Field Inside Analyzer, Field Inside, Inside Component, Inside, Internal, Internal Field, Analyzer, Field in Component, Grating, Grating Analyzer, FMM, Fourier Modal Method, RCWA, metallic, dielectric

Use Cases

A Fizeau interferometer is set up with the help of non-sequential field tracing technology, and the interference fringes from several different test surfaces are shown.

IFO.0009, Fizeau Interferometer, Optical Testing, non-sequential, interferometry, Fizeau, interferometer, interference, manual configuration, metrology, wavefront

Use Cases

This use case walks you through the flexible configuration of regions in VirtualLab Fusion, which allow the user to define variously shapes...

Misc.0026, Region, Region Definition, Flexible Regions, light guide, wave guide, light guide component, detector, detection, region indication

Use Cases

A laser diode with asymmetric divergence and astigmatism is first collimated and then focused. Evolution of the field in the focal region is investigated in detail.

MISC.0030, Focus Investigation, Aspherical Lens, Beam Delivery, Laser Systems, Focus, Focus Region, Focal Region, Astigmatism, Aberration, Imaging System, Asphere

Use Cases

We demonstrate in VirtualLab Fusion the focusing of electromagnetic fields with properly designed apertures.

MISC.0081, Focusing System, Cascade Apertures, Parameter Overview, Parameter Run, Diffraction in System

Use Cases

This use case shows the focusing of an Ince-Gaussian mode through a GRIN medium representing a thermal lens.

Gaussian Beam, modes, Ince, Hermite, Laguerre, SRC.0002

Use Cases

It is demonstrated that the focusing of cylindrical vector beams. The vectorial effects of radially and azimuthally beams are demonstrated.

MIC.0013, High-NA, Focusing, Objective Lens, Microscope, Cylindrical Vector Beam, Radially Polarized, Azimuthally Polarized, LightTrans

Use Cases

The focusing process of a 10 fs pulse by using a high-NA parabolic mirror is modeled in VirtualLab Fusion, and both the spatial and temporal behaviors are investigated.

MISC.0044, Focusing, Femtosecond Pulse, High-NA, Off-Axis, Parabolic Mirror, fs pulse modeling, Laser Systems

Use Cases

It is demonstrated that the focusing of high order Gaussian-Laguerre beam generates donut-shaped PSF. The size of donut-shaped PSF can be adjusted by different high orders.

MIC.0014, High-NA, Focusing, Objective Lens, Microscope, STED, Gaussian-Laguerre Beam

Use Cases

The Footprint and Grating Analysis tool allows the optical designer to determine how the light will interact with the various grating regions of the lightguide.

beam position, footprint, heatmap, light guide, lightguide, grating, region, waveguide, augmented reality, mixed reality, AR, MR, near-eye, near eye, display, NED, head-up display, HUD, tool, design

Use Cases

As one of the most fundamental technologies in VirtualLab Fusion, Fourier transforms connect the space and spatial frequency domains. We discuss the Fourier transforms settings at different examples and show the consequences.

MISC.0003, Fourier transform, Fast Fourier transform, Semi-analytical Fourier transform, Pointwise Fourier transform, Diffraction, Pinhole, Gaussian beam

Use Cases

This use cases presents the different options users have in VirtualLab Fusion to configure the selection of Fourier transform algorithms.

SWF.0011, Fourier Transform, Fourier Transformation, Pointwise Fourier Transform, Pointwise Fourier Transformation, Pointwise, Automatic Fourier Transform, Automatic Fourier Transformation, Automatic, Integral Fourier Transform, Integral Fourier Transformation, Integral, Fourier, Transform, Transformation, Main Menu, Main Window

Use Cases

The Fresnel Effect Calculator to calculate the Fresnel coefficients directly.

MISC.0097, Fresnel, Fresnel Effect, Fresnel-Effect, Fresnel Curve, Fresnel-Curve, Polarization, Reflection, Reflectance, Transmission, Transmittance, Plane Wave, Surface, Plane Surface, Fresnel Coefficient,

Use Cases

A real beam splitter based on Frustrated Total Internal Reflection (FTIR) is investigated.

Frustrated Total Internal Reflection, Total Internal Reflection, FTIR, TIR, beam splitter, beam-splitter, beamsplitter, prism, reflection, transmission, interferometry, interferometer, Michelson

Use Cases

This use case shows the variation of the focal length of the thermal lens, as well as the focus beam diameter when the input power changes [W. Koechner, Appl. Opt. 9, 2548–2553 (1970)]. This example is published in [H. Zhong, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 35].

GRIN.0004, Thermal Lens, Programmable Medium, Beam Parameters

Use Cases

We demonstrate the generation of optical beams carrying OAM by using spiral phase plates with different parameters.

MISC.0085, Orbital angular momentum, OAM, Spiral phase plate, Helical phase, Microstructure surface

Use Cases

With a Mach-Zehnder interferometer setup with two rotatable polarizers, we demonstrate the generation of spatially varying polarization.

IFO.0007, Spatially Varying, Polarization, Interference, Polarized Light

Use Cases

Following the idea of T. Wang et al., Appl. Phys. B 122:231 (2016), this use case demonstrates a Sagnac-interferometer scheme to generate vector beam.

IFO.0018, Vector beam, Interferometer, Sagnac-Interferometer, Quarter-wave plate, Spatial light modulator, SLM, Spiral phase

Use Cases

Graphics Add-Ons are a tool inside VirtualLab Fusion that allows you to overlay information, such as point clouds.

SWF.0006, Graphic Add-on, Add-on, Graphic addon, graphics addon, graphics add-on, visualization, post processing, post-processing, region, point cloud, polarization ellipses, ellipses, data array,

Use Cases

In this use case, smoothly varied grating parameters are introduced to lightguides for AR/MR applications, by using VirtualLab’s Footprint and Grating Analysis tool. Further, detailed results of the polarization-dependent diffraction efficiencies of the configured grating structures are provided.

Footprint, modulated grating, Light guide, uniformity, detector, grating, real grating, slanted, binary, lightguide, waveguide, wave guide, TIR, order, coupling, incoupler, coupler, outcoupler, augmented reality, mixed reality, AR & MR, AR, MR, near-eye display, NED, near eye display, head-up display, HUD, smooth, continuously

Use Cases

This use case introduces the Grating Component in general optical setups, which allows for the inclusion of a wide range of different gratings.

SWF.0004, grating, grating component, stack, spherical wave, Angular, Response, Angular Response, FMM, grating order, channel, substrate, general, LightTrans, VirtualLab, VirtualLab Fusion

Use Cases

A workflow is presented for how to optimize a grating structure regarding a specified merit function using VirtualLab Fusion and the optimization software optiSLang.

LGC.0004, grating, optimization, VirtualLab Fusion, optiSLang

Use Cases

In VirtualLab Fusion, the Grating Order Analyzer can be used for convenient grating diffraction analysis, with results presented in various ways.

GRT.0002, Rayleigh coefficients, Feature, Grating order, analyzer, analyser, Imaging Systems, Inclusion of Gratings, Diffraction efficiency, Conical diffraction

Use Cases

We set up a pulse stretcher consisting of two diffractive gratings and investigate the pulse broadening effect induced by the interaction of the pulse with the gratings.

USP.0002, Pulse, Ultrashort pulse, Pulse broadening, Stretcher, Compressor, Grating, Grating pair, Spatiotemporal, Spectral phase

Use Cases

Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) mirrors focus the grazing-incident X-ray field into a nanometer-scale spot. In this use case the modeling and evaluation of such KB mirror system is demonstrated.  

MISC.0089, X-Ray Imaging, Kirkpatrick–Baez Mirrors, KB, elliptical, mirrors, Focal Spot, focus, x, ray, grazing, incidence

Use Cases

In this use case we model the propagation of an X-ray field through a Hartmann wavefront sensor composed by an array of pinholes.

XRAY.0003, Hartmann Wavefront Sensor, Parameter Run, X-Ray, X Ray

Use Cases

A Herrig Schiefspiegler telescope with two mirrors, but with four reflections in a double-pass configuration, is modeled with the non-sequential ray and field tracing techniques in VirtualLab Fusion.

MISC.0053, Herrig Schiefspiegler Telescopes, Advanced PSF & MTF, Imaging Systems

Use Cases

We demonstrates the usage of user-defined merit functions for the evaluation and optimization of order efficiencies of a diffractive high-NA beam splitter.

DOE.0005, user-defined, merit functions, programmable grating analyzer, parameterization, optimization, programming, programmable, binary, uniformity, efficiency, downhill-simplex, transition points, diffractive beam splitter, beam splitter, diffractive, IFTA, iterative Fourier transformation algorithm, Fourier modal method, FMM, custom, customization, RCWA

Use Cases

In high-NA focusing situations, e.g. with parabolic mirror, it is demonstrated that input fields with different polarizations leads to different focal spots.

MISC.0020, High-NA, Focusing, Off-Axis Parabolic Mirror, Advanced PSF & MTF, Imaging Systems

Use Cases

A two diffractive beam splitter system for high-NA pattern generation is designed with IFTA, and the system performance is investigated, especially with the non-paraxial splitter analyzed by using FMM.

High-NA, Pattern Generation, Combining, Two Beam Splitter Elements, Virtual Reality, Mixed Reality, VR, MR

Use Cases

A holographic volume grating is analyzed by using the Fourier modal method. Both the spectral and angular properties are presented.

GRT.0003, Simulation, Holographic, Volume Grating, FMM, Fourier modal method, Inclusion of Gratings, Imaging Systems

Use Cases

Using laterally shifted modes is one possible strategy to mimic partial spatial coherence. In this tutorial we show you how to manipulate the positions of the source modes via programming.

CZT.0106, source modes, programming, spatial coherence, programmable, Lighttrans, use case, virtuallab

Use Cases

In this feature Use Case different options for the customization of detector results in VirtualLab Fusion are demonstrated.

MISC.0094, Data Array, Customization, Style, Color , Color Scher, Color Scheme Individualization, Format, Results, Optical Tasks

Use Cases

This use case demonstrates how to import a previously designed real grating structure into the lightguide component and explains the role and handling of lookup tables.

Light guide, grating, real grating, slanted, binary, lightguide, waveguide, wave guide, TIR, order, coupling, incoupler, coupler, outcoupler, augmented reality, mixed reality, AR & MR, AR, MR, near-eye display, NED, near eye display, head-up display, HUD

Use Cases

With the panel-type source in VirtualLab it is possible to model a pixelated display, with the pixel pitch and the number of pixels as free parameters for the user to fix.

MISC.0068, Panel-Type, Source, Set Up, Customization, pixel, spherical wave

Use Cases

The scanning source in VirtualLab Fusion defines a multi-mode source that radiates into several pre-defined directions, which is of help for e.g. the modeling and evaluation of a laser scanning system.

MISC.0066, Scanning, laser scanning system, Field of view, Parameter Run, imaging system, Parameter Run

Use Cases

In this tutorial we explain the basics of working with the C# Module: one of the most flexible, most advanced programmable items in VirtualLab Fusion!

CZT.0101, programmable, VirtualLab, LightTrans, c#

Use Cases

The Programmable Component is one of the most versatile programmable elements in VirtualLab. Follow this tutorial for instructions on a first contact with this feature!

CZT.0102, programmable component, ideal grating, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

In this tutorial we show how to work with the Programmable Detector, one of the most versatile customizable elements in VirtualLab Fusion.

CZT.0098, programmable, VirtualLab, LightTrans, Detector

Use Cases

In this document we explain how to work with the Programmable Function, using the example of a cylindrical lens.

CZT.0099, Configuration, Grating Structures, Using, Interfaces, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

In this document we explain how to work with the Programmable Interface, using the example of a simple spherical surface.

CZT.0096, programmable interface, spherical surface, Interfaces, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

In this document we show you how to work with the Programmable Source: a means to define the spatial dependence of a custom basic source mode. We use the Gaussian as an example.

CZT.0097, light source, programmable, VirtualLab, LightTrans, gaussian beam

Use Cases

In this detailed tutorial we explain how to create your own custom materials (refractive index with respect to wavelength) in VirtualLab Fusion.

CZT.0103, programmable material, refractive index, custom materials, linear dependence

Use Cases

In this detailed tutorial we explain how to create your own custom media (dependence of refractive index on position) in VirtualLab Fusion.

CZT.0104, programmable medium, thermal lens, refractive index, custom media

Use Cases

Discover how to create your own custom spectra via programming in VirtualLab Fusion with this in-depth tutorial on the topic, rounded up with a basic hands-on example.

CZT.0095, programmable spectrum, black-box radiation, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

A high-NA microscope for imaging of sub-wavelength grating is build up, and the influences from illumination with linear, radial, and azimuthal polarizations is investigated.

Imaging, Sub-Wavelength, Gratings, Vector Beam Illumination, Microscopy, Optical Metrology

Use Cases

Chromatic fields set are standard documents to show a light distribution in VirtualLab Fusion. This use case demonstrates the options for import and export chromatic fields sets.

MISC.0056, Chromatic fields, light distribution, import, export

Use Cases

VirtualLab Fusion can import the beam files from Zemax OpticStudio®, convert it into electromagnetic field information automatically, and support further propagation of the imported field.

CPF.0004, Zemax, OpticStudio, Import, Beam file

Use Cases

The import of a bitmap file, which contains height data of a microstructure is demonstrated. This example provides a step-by-step explanation of the required workflow in VirtualLab Fusion.

SWF.0001, Import, Bitmap file, Height Data, Microstructure

Use Cases

In this use case, we illustrate the workflow of how to import complex material data into VirtualLab Fusion’s material catalog.

Import, Material Data, SWF.0002 

Use Cases

VirtualLab Fusion allows the import of optical systems with the full 3D position information and glasses from Zemax OpticStudio®, and provides field tracing for further investigation of the imported system.

CPF.0003, Import, Optical Systems, Zemax OpticStudio, LightTrans, VirtualLab

Use Cases

This use case illustrates how to import the measured extraterrestrial sunlight spectrum, and how to subsequently employ said spectrum in an optical system.

Misc.0092, Spectrum, sunlight, sun, white light, import, Michelson Interferometer, dispersion

Use Cases

Ince-Gaussian Modes constitute an additional solution for the paraxial wave equation. This use case shows how to set up this kind of modes.

Gaussian Beam, modes, Ince, Hermite, Laguerre, Gaussian, source, sources

Use Cases

It is demonstrated that the positions of the stop in a lens system have influence on the PSF, especially in the case of inclined illumination.

MISC.0021, Stop, Diffraction, PSF

Use Cases

Data Arrays are the most fundamental and flexible native data type in VirtualLab Fusion. This use case is an introduction on how to operate with them.

SWF.0023, Data Array, Data, Data Type, Visualization, Format, Data-Array, Data Arrays, Data-Arrays, Array, Numeric, Numerical, View, Manipulations, Detectors, Property Browser, Selection

Use Cases

This use case introduces the Optical Setup, which can be seen as a virtual analogy to the real-life laboratory in VirtualLab Fusion.

SWF.0030, Optical Setup, Optics, Introduction, Tutorial, Getting Started, Start, Source, Component, Detector, Lab, VirtualLab, digital, virtual

Use Cases

VirtualLab Fusion provides three local and one global optimization algorithm. This use case introduces the associated Parametric Optimization document.

MISC.0090, parametric optimization, parameters, merit functions, local, global, algorithm optimization, downhill simplex, Powell, Levenberg, Marquardt, simulated annealing, constraints

Use Cases

We investigate diffraction caused by a sample with a rectangular height structure in a Michelson-Interferometer...

IFO.0021, beam splitter, beam-splitter, beamsplitter, prism, reflection, transmission, interferometry, interferometer, Michelson, diffraction, diffractive effect, sharp edge, rectangular object, sample

Use Cases

A Michelson interferometer is used to analyze a podium sample with different wavelengths.

DC.0002, distributed computing, interferometry, white light, diffraction, speed, parallelization

Use Cases

In this use case we demonstrate the change in the effective focal length caused by thermal lensing on a lens. The deformation of the geometry and the steady-state temperature distribution are calculated using Ansys Mechanical and are then imported into VirtualLab.

Gaussian, Thermal Lens, Thermo-Mechanical Effect

Use Cases

The ghost image effect in a collimation lens system is investigated, by checking the reflections between uncoated surfaces.

MISC.0021, non-sequentiell, non-sequential, non sequentiell, non sequential, multi reflection, multireflection, multi-reflection, ghost, ghost image, ghost imaging

Use Cases

We use the Debye-Wolf integral calculator in VirtualLab Fusion for vectorial focal field investigation with different parameters.

MIC.0001, Microscopy, Microscope, Objective lens, Vectorial, Polarization, High-NA, Debye-Wolf integral, Resolution

Use Cases

For a diffractive beam shaper used together with focusing lens, the influence from lens aberrations on the system performance is investigated.

MISC.0017, Lens Aberrations, SLM, Beam Shaping, Setup, Diffractive Optics, Light Shaping

Use Cases

VirtualLab Fusion enables the detailed analysis of grating structures, with possible changes in the polarization state of the diffracted orders taken into consideration.

GRT.0008, Investigation, Polarization, State, Diffraction Orders, VirtualLab, LightTrans, Polarization Conversion, Sub-Wavelength, Fourier Modal Method, FMM, Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis, RCWA

Use Cases

This use case investigates light behind a microlens array. Effects in the near field, focal plane and far field are shown and discussed.

MLA.0002, Microlens-Array, Plane Wave, micro lens array, microlens, mla, microlens array, array

Use Cases

An optical metrology system with a silica spaced etalon is set up to measure the sodium D lines in the optical design software VirtualLab Fusion.

IFO.0012, Sodium D Lines, Etalon, Optical Metrology, Spectrometer, Fabry-Pérot, Interferometer, Internal Resonance Enhancement, Finesse, Reflectivity, Reflectance, Reflection

Use Cases

This use case explains the physical concepts employed in the k-Layout Visualization tool and demonstrates its usage.

k-layout, k domain, frequency domain, grating vector, Light guide, grating, waveoptics, lightguide, waveguide, wave guide, TIR, order, coupling, incoupler, coupler, outcoupler, augmented reality, mixed reality, AR & MR, AR, MR, near-eye display, NED, near eye display, head-up display, HUD

Use Cases

A spatial filtering system with a pinhole is modeled in VirtualLab Fusion. We demonstrate how the opening of the pinhole influences the output beam quality.

MISC.0082, Spatial filter, Beam clean-up, Fourier plane, Pinhole, Beam quality, Diffraction, Fourier transform

Use Cases

A Michelson interferometer is set up with the help of non-sequential tracing technology in VirtualLab Fusion, and the interference fringes in different configurations are demonstrated.

IFO.0001, Laser-Based, Interference Fringe Exploration, Michelson interferometer

Use Cases

The Layout Design tool allows to design a custom “Hololens 1”-like augmented or mixed reality system according to the desired specifications.

LIG.0004, lightguide, light guide, light-guide, wave guide, waveguide, wave-guide, region, channel, non-sequential, tool

Use Cases

In VirtualLab Fusion you can export a summary of all system parameters in the light path diagram into an XML File. This use case shows how to export the parameters and how to visualize the parameters.

MISC.0028, export, summary, all system parameters, light path diagram, XML, export parameters

Use Cases

As one important issue for near-eye display (NED) design, the propagation of light through waveguide structure with tailored in- and outcoupling gratings can be easily modeled with the help of region and channel concept in VirtualLab Fusion.

Light Propagation, Waveguide, Light Propagation ,In- & Outcoupling Surface Gratings, Gratings, Near-eye displays, Waveguide HUDs, Virtual & Mixed Reality

Use Cases

In this use case we model a lightguide system that uses 2D-periodic grating structures (diamond-shaped), according to the approach from Patent WO2018/178626 (by Wave Optics LTD).

Lightguide, Patent O2018/178626, 1D-periodic grating structure, grating, slanted grating, programmable interface, wave optics, lightguide, light guide, light-guide, AR,MR, AR&MR, augmented reality, mixed reality, diamond shape, diamond, 2D

Use Cases

This use case shows a lightguide system with a so-called “butterfly pupil expansion”, based on patent US9791703B1 by Microsoft.

LIG.0010, lightguide, light guide, light-guide, wave guide, waveguide, wave-guide, grating, idealized grating, eye pupil expander, AR, MR, AR&MR, MR&AR, augmented reality, mixed reality, hololens, hololens 2, butterfly, 2D-periodic

Use Cases

Littrow configuration is the chosen denomination for a very commonly used way of orientating a blazed grating in monochromators, spectrometers ...

GRT.0029, Grating, diffraction, Littrow, blazed, echelette, echelle, monochromator, spectrometer, resonator, parameter coupling, programming, customization, customisation, positioning, orientation

Use Cases

The Fiber Mode Calculator can be used to calculate linearly polarized (LP) propagation modes in a step-index fiber with a single core or graded-index fiber.

FCP.0005, Fiber Mode, Calculator, GRIN, Graded Index, Graded-Index, Graded Index Fibers, Graded-Index Fibers, Stepped Index, Stepped-Index, Stepped-Index Fibers, Stepped Index Fibers, Modes, Bessel Modes, Laguerre Modes, Multimode Fiber, Multimode, Coupling, Fiber Coupling

Use Cases

We build up a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in VirtualLab Fusion and demonstrate how the tilt and shift of component affect the interference fringe.

IFO.0005, Mach-Zehnder, Coherent Light, Optical Metrology, mechanical, thermal distortion

Use Cases

Based on selected examples, we show how to construct and configure metagrating structure and materials in VirtualLab Fusion.

GRT.0022, Metagrating, Pillars, Square pillar, cylindrical pillar, Diffraction, Fourier modal method, FMM, RCWA

Use Cases

It is demonstrated that the contrast of the structured illumination pattern is influenced by the polarization of the incident beam.

MIC.0015, High-NA, Focusing, Objective Lens, Microscope, Structured Illumination

Use Cases

With the Mie solution for an electromagnetic plane wave in VirtualLab Fusion, we investigate the scattering effect of spherical particles with different radii and made of different materials.

MISC.0070, Mie solution, Mie scattering, Rayleigh scattering, Maxwell, Scattering, Scatter, Spherical particle, Rigorous, Electromagnetic field

Use Cases

We design and construct a blazed metagrating in VirtualLab Fusion using square nano pillars, analyze its polarization-dependent diffraction efficiency, and further optimize it.

GRT.0020, Metagrating, Grating, Nano pillar, Diffraction efficiency, Polarization, Optimization

Use Cases

This use case shows a physical optics simulation of a Herriott Cell for gas spectroscopy, including a demonstration with CO2.

MISC.0094, Herriott-Cell, Herriott, absorption, gas absorption, multipass absorption, multipass, multi-pass, multiple pass, multiple-pass, nonsequential, non-sequential, non sequential, spectroscopy, gas spectroscopyn, VirtualLab Fusion

Use Cases

This use case demonstrates the modeling of a device of a simple “HoloLens 1”-type layout with a Light Guide component capable of guiding light with a 32° × 18° FoV.

LIG.0002, Light guide, HoloLens, grating, grating regions, polygon, region waveoptics, lightguide, waveguide, wave guide, TIR, incouple, outcouple, EPE, expansion, augmented reality, mixed reality, AR, MR,

Use Cases

Metasurfaces allow to imitate a propagation in free space much longer than the actual thickness of the plate...

MISC.0101, stratified media, layer, layered system, space plate, spaceplate, flat optics, meta material, meta surface, flat lens, stack

Use Cases

This document demonstrates how a VCSEL array source can be modeled in VirtualLab Fusion.

Multiple light source, VCSEL array, Laguerre Gaussian

Use Cases

An image projection system is set up using the panel-type source. The performance of the system is evaluated by observing the spot grid in both the spatial and angular domains.

Image, Projection, Panel-Type, Display

Use Cases

We model the generation of Bessel beams with axicon with round tip and investigate how the round tip may influence the Bessel beam evolution.

MISC.0009, Bessel beam, Non-diffraction, Axicon, Round tip, Transmission function

Use Cases

With the non-sequential field tracing technique, the regarding interference patterns are modeled including vectorial effects.

IFO.0011, etalon, interference, multiple reflection, nonsequential, non-sequential, fringes, tilt, multireflection, reflection, spherical, cylindrical, plane, fabry, perot, interferometer, channel

Use Cases

The Foucault knife-edge test is a well-known historical experiment to determine the characteristics of a given concave-shaped mirror. In this use case we model this test for a spherical and a parabolic mirror.

Misc.0092, Foucault knife, Foucault knife-edge, Foucault, knife-edge, knife edge, edge, aperture, stop, telescope, diffraction, aperture, modeling level

Use Cases

In VirtualLab Fusion, we perform a fully physical-optics modeling of a Graded-index lens system, which includes the polarization crosstalk effects.

GRIN.0002, Modeling, GRIN, Graded-Index, Lens, PSF, MTF, Polarization Crosstalk

Use Cases

A fast approach for light propagation through a GRIN medium, which includes the polarization crosstalk effect, is implemented, and its validity and advantages are shown in comparison with a rigorous solver.

GRIN.0003, Modeling, GRIN, Graded-Index, Multimode Fiber, Beam Delivery, Laser Systems

Use Cases

With the help of typical examples, we explain how to model grating within system and discuss topics like alignment of gratings, grating order selection, and angular response setting.

MISC.0005, Grating, Gratings in system, Diffraction, Grating order channel,

Use Cases

The imaging properties of microlens array with different lens shapes are investigated. Change of the focal spots with respect to aberration of input field is demonstrated.

Modeling of Microlens Array with Different Lens Shapes, Microlens and microcell arrays, Light Shaping

Use Cases

We demonstrate the modeling of the Talbot effect, a well-known near-field diffraction effect from periodic structures such as gratings.

MISC.0078, Talbot effect, Talbot distance, Talbot image, Talbot carpet, Transmission function, 1D, 2D, Periodic grating, Diffraction, Near field, Talbot, grating, gratings

Use Cases

We illustrate the modeling of interference and vignetting effects at a total internal reflection (TIR) prism. Dependent on the characteristics of the impinging light, these effects are introduced by the narrow gap between both prism parts.

IFO.0017, Total Internal Reflection, TIR, Prism

Use Cases

This document demonstrates how to achieve the desired intensity distribution of a specific VCSEL source via parametric optimization of two uncorrelated Gaussian modes with the help of the Multiple Light Source.

VCSEL, multiple light source, multimode Gaussian, Parametric Optimization

Use Cases

A hybrid eyepiece with a real diffractive lens surface is imported from Zemax OpticStudio® and analyzed further in VirtualLab Fusion.

DFL.0003, Diffractive lens, Wavefront phase, Quantization, Quantized surface, Diffraction, Efficiency, Local linear grating approximation, Thin Element Approximation, Thin Element, TEA, Fourier Modal Method, FMM, Local Linear Grating Approximation, LLGA, Eyepiece, eye-piece, design, diffractive, LLGA, RCWA, rigorous coupled wave analysis

Use Cases

A module is programmed to measure the FFT execution time for a quadratic field with different numbers of sampling points, in float and/or double precision.

CZT.0014, fft, measurement, fourier transform, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

In the field of AR/MR, the accurate calculation of the achievable optical performance is one of the major tasks in optical design.

LIG.0018, Optimization, lightguide, light guide, light-guide, wave guide, waveguide, wave-guide, grating, slanted grating, eye pupil expander, AR, MR, AR&MR, MR&AR, augmented reality, mixed reality, binary grating, MTF, PSF, modulation, transfer

Use Cases

By using the non-sequential tracing technique in VirtualLab, the ray tracing analysis of a glass plate is performed.

MISC.0043, Non-sequential, Ray Tracing, Glass Plate, Near-eye display, Virtual & Mixed Realtiy, Waveguide HUDs

Use Cases

Gouy phase shift, which is a p phase term, can be observed by a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The interference along optical axis is constructive before focus, while destructive behind focus.

IFO.0006, Observation, Gouy Phase Shift, Mach-Zehnder Interferometer, interferometry

Use Cases

The vital role of diffraction in the Poisson-spot experiment provided proof of the wavelike nature of light.

MISC.0072, Poisson spot, Arago spot, Diffraction, Aperture, Stop

Use Cases

This document illustrates the generation of vortex-array laser beams using an Ince-Gaussian source.

Gaussian, Beam , Ince-Gaussian, prism, Mach-Zehnder interferometer, interferometer, vortex-array, vortex, array, dove

Use Cases

A complete wafer inspection system including high-NA focusing effect and light interaction with microstructures is modeled, and the formation of image is demonstrated.

MIC.0023, Wafer, Wafer Inspection, High-NA, High-NA System, Lens Component, Grating Component, Beam Splitter, Beam Splitter Component, Objective Lens, Lens, Objective, High-NA Lens, k-domain sampling, angular response

Use Cases

This use case introduces the basic configuration of an anisotropic medium.

Anisotropic Media , Tutorial, Multimode, coating, crystal

Use Cases

In this example, we select one commercially available lens and show how to find the optimal working distance to obtain maximum fiber coupling efficiency by using field tracing.

FCP.0001, Single-Mode fibers, Coupling Light, Efficiency, Fibers, VirtualLab Fusion, LightTrans, Import, Zemax Import, Spherical Lens, Coupler, Coupling, Incoupling, Incoupler, Fibre, Fibre-Coupling, Fibres, Fiber

Use Cases

With the rigorous Fourier modal method (FMM) in VirtualLab Fusion and the evolutionary algorithm in optiSLang, we demonstrate the optimization of a binary grating for waveguide coupling for the desired field of view (FOV).

LGC.0003, Optimization, Binary Grating, Lightguide Coupling, FOV

Use Cases

We demonstrate the design workflow for optimizing a rectangular grating for one specific incidence direction to obtain maximum efficiency for a specific diffraction order.

GRT.0010, Optimization, Lightguide Coupling, Grating, Single Direction, Rectangular Grating, Fourier Modal Method, FMM, Efficiency

Use Cases

This use case demonstrates how to optimize a lightguide with continuously varying fill factor of the gratings in the EPE and outcoupler regions to achieve adequate lateral uniformity in the eyebox.

LIG.0011, Optimization, lightguide, light guide, light-guide, wave guide, waveguide, wave-guide, grating, slanted grating, eye pupil expander, AR, MR, AR&MR, MR&AR, augmented reality, mixed reality, binary grating, continuous varied grating, uniformity, efficiency, downhill-simplex, fill factor, duty cycle, VirtualLab Fusion Advanced, Light Guide Toolbox Gold Edition

Use Cases

To ensure uniform multiple waveguide output channels, the outcoupling gratings are optimized, with their efficiencies calculated by the rigorous Fourier modal method.

Optimizing, Waveguide, Outcoupling Gratings, Uniform Multiple Channels, Near-eye displays, Waveguide HUDs, Virtual & Mixed Reality

Use Cases

In this use case we will explain the advanced orientation setting for gratings within a grating region. Currently grating regions are only available within the waveguide toolbox.

MISC.0059, advanced orientation setting, grating region, waveguide toolbox

Use Cases

The Parameter Variation Analyzer which enables the analysis of the entire system and further process the data obtained.

SWF.0046, Parameter Variation Analyzer, Parameter Variation, Parameter Sweep, Analyzer

Use Cases

With the Fourier modal method (FMM) as the kernel on which parametric optimization a slanted grating is designed to achieve high diffraction efficiency.

GRT.0007, Parametric, Optimization, Tolerance Analysis, Slanted Gratings, Inclusion of Gratings, Imaging Systems, Coupling, Waveguide, Slant Angle, Fill Factor, Fourier Modal Method, FMM, Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis, RCWA, Rounded edge, Integral method

Use Cases

In VirtualLab Fusion, users can easily construct a two-mirror laser resonator, and use parametric optimization to design this resonator to generate a desired output mode.

MISC.0014, two-mirror, laser resonator, parametric optimization

Use Cases

With the parametric optimization in VirtualLab Fusion, the design of a fiber coupling lens with conical surface into a single-mode fiber is presented.

FCP.0003, Parametric Optimization, Fiber, Fiber Coupling, Efficiency, Lens, Beam Delivery, Laser Systems, Coupling, Coupler, Incoupling, Incoupler, Spherical Lens, Import, Zemax Import, Fiber Efficiency, Fiber Efficiency Analyzer, Fibre, Fibre-Coupling, Fibre Coupling, Fibers, Fibres

Use Cases

This use case introduces the Paraxial Assumptions tool, demonstrating its options and providing a workflow of how to use it.

SWF.0012, Paraxial, Paraxial Assumption, Paraxial Approximation, Diffraction, Divergence, High-Na, low-Na, diffracted

Use Cases

A scanning system consisting a dual-axis galvanometer and an aspherial focusing lens is modeled, with the rotation of the mirrors taken into simulation as in the practical case.

MISC.0041, Performance Analysis, Laser Scanning System, Scanning Systems, Laser Systems

Use Cases

With the scanning source in VirtualLab Fusion, we analyze the performance of an F-Theta lens, by measuring the focal spot position deviation and the spot size for different scan angles.

MISC.0067, Evaluation, F-Theta, F-Theta lens, Scanning, Scanning lens, distortion, distortion analyzer, parameter coupling, parameter-coupling, coupling, field distortion, F Theta, F Theta Lens, Scanning Source, Galvo scanner, galvanometer scanner

Use Cases

The account different powerful computer system it, performance based parameters are introduced and explained.

Options, Handling, Global Options, Usage

Use Cases

This document illustrates the usage of the global options for personalization of the view settings of the VirtualLab Fusion.

Global options, visualization, customization, personalization, view settings, color table

Use Cases

With the flexible Fourier transform settings in VirtualLab Fusion, we model the diffraction effect from surface apertures and pinholes in a low-Fresnel-number system.

MISC.0080, Pinhole, Aperture, Diffraction, Diffraction in system, Low Fresnel number, paraxial, Focal spot, Exit pupil diffraction

Use Cases

This feature use case demonstrates the capabilities of the Polarization Analyzer for the analysis and optimization of grating structures.

GRT.0028, Polarization Analyzer, polarization, TE, TM, grating, Nanowire

Use Cases

The conversion of polarization of linearly polarized light in a calcite crystal is demonstrated in VirtualLab Fusion.

Polarization Conversion, Uniaxial Crystals, Crystal Modeling, Laser Systems

Use Cases

This Use Case shows how to visualize the polarization state of light, represented as complex electromagnetic wave in a depictive way.

SWF.0033, polarization ellipses, polarization, polarization effects, ex, ey, vectorial, vectorial effects, Graphics add-on, visualization, add polarization ellipses

Use Cases

We construct a binary grating with sub-wavelength structure following the principle of form birefringence and demonstrate its polarization-dependent properties.

GRT.0027, Resonant gratings, Polarization, Polarization-dependent, Fourier modal method, FMM, RCWA

Use Cases

To model polarizer used in non-paraxial cases, an idealized model is implemented in VirtualLab, and the effect of a polarizer in the focal region is presented.

Polarizer, Focal Regions, Crystal Modeling, Laser Systems

Use Cases

In VirtualLab Fusion, users can select which information of position and orientation to be shown. This use case shows how to set up the position and orientation information display in a Light Path View.

MISC.0015, position, orientation, information display, Light Path View

Use Cases

We demonstrate the Goos-Hänchen shift for a dielectric slab with weak absorption, by measuring the lateral shift of the reflected beam with respect to the incidence angle.

MISC.0084, Goos-Hänchen shift, Reflection, Surface, Interface, Slab

Use Cases

STED Microscopy describes a commonly used technique to achieve super resolution in biological applications.

MIC.0024, Multiple light source, phase plate, microstructure component, STED, stimulated emission depletion, stimulated emission, saturated depletion, microscope, donut mode, beam splitter, non-sequential

Use Cases

This Use Case introduces the Speed vs. Accuracy tool which allows the user to customize global sampling parameter.

SWF.0012, accurate, accuracy, fast and accurate, solvers, algorithm, sampling, sampling parameter, global sampling parameter, Nyquist, gridded data, gridless data, gridless sampling factor, sampling factor,

Use Cases

This use case introduces the Profile Editor in VirtualLab Fusion.

SWF.0010, Profile, Profile Editor, Profile Editing, Ray Result, Ray Tracing, Field Result, Field Tracing, Ray Result Profile, Field Result Profile, Fourier Transform, Fourier Transformation, Pointwise Fourier Transform, Pointwise Fourier Transformation, Pointwise, Parameter, Parameter Run, Parametric Optimization, Optical Setup, Parameter Editor

Use Cases

In this programming example, we present some functions which were used in the Classic Field Tracing engine to propagate an electromagnetic field that was represented in an equidistantly sampled form.

CZT.0048, programmable component, free-space propagation, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

This Use Case introduces the Programmable Medium and shows how to customize your own dispersion Formula.

SWF.0026, Materials, Media, Catalog, Medium Catalog, Material Catalog, Customization, Medium, Material, Dispersion, Dispersion Formula, Reznik, Reznik Dispersion, Reznik Dispersion Formula

Use Cases

We show how to use a Programmable Grating Analyzer to access the grating diffraction information, to display it, and to use it for further analysisor optimization.

CZT.0109, Grating, Diffraction efficiency, Customization, Programming, Programmable, Parameter run

Use Cases

This example shows how to use Programmable Pulse Spectrum to generate a chirped Gaussian pulse, with the pulse specification given in time domain.

CZT.0039, programmable, VirtualLab, LightTrans, gaussian pulse spectrum, gaussian

Use Cases

Based on the fully vectorial electromagnetic field information, a Programmable Detector is done for the calculation of the degree of coherence.

CZT.0052, programmable, VirtualLab, LightTrans, Detector, Coherence, Coherence Detector

Use Cases

Based on the full field information, and together with the Programmable Detector, several typically used merit functions in diffractive optics are realized in this example.

CZT.0053, programmable, VirtualLab, LightTrans, detector, diffractive, merit

Use Cases

This example illustrate the access on field values in a Programmable Detector via source code, and it calculates the sum of all squared amplitudes on the optical axis including all field components.

CZT.0054, detector, square amplitude, optical axis, Lighttrans, use case, virtuallab

Use Cases

A Programmable Detector is constructed for saving a light distribution (harmonic fields set) to the desired file path on the hard disk.

CZT.0063, programming detector, automatically, save fields, programmable detector , VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

In this programming example we illustrate how to code a transmission function that imitates an opaque screen punctured by two round holes.

CZT.0029, programming, double pinhole, transmission, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

An example snippet is presented for defining a double slit function, with customizable slit width and distance in between.

CZT.0030, programmable, double slit, programming, fourier, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

This example shows how to realize an array of micro-lenses on a rectangular grid by using the Programmable Interface in VirtualLab.

CZT.0037, Programming, Micro-Lens Array, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

Gauging the accuracy of a given result is fundamental in science and engineering. In this use case we show you how to program a module to compute the standard deviation between two fields.

CZT.0009, programmable, VirtualLab, LightTrans, standard deviation, harmonic fields

Use Cases

This programmable module is designed to be applied to the sharp result of a designed structure, and it will round off the edges according to user-specified values.

CZT, CZT.0024, programmable, VirtualLab, LightTrans, module, tolerance, edge, rounding, smoothing, structure

Use Cases

In this document you can find an example for the Programmable Function which defines an arbitrary number of equidistant slits with an arbitrary width and distance.

CZT.0059, programming, multiple slit, transmission, function, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

A convex-plano single lens is analyzed by scanning over the radius of curvature and its thickness with the Programmable Parameter Run in VirtualLab Fusion.

CZT.0043, scanning, parameter run, programming, VirtualLab Fusion, LightTrans, use case

Use Cases

In this document you can find an example for the Programmable Interface. Although the sinusoidal surface is provided ready-made in the catalog, we show you how to code it for illustration purposes.

CZT.0078, sinusoidal surface, VirtualLab, LightTrans,

Use Cases

In this example, the generation of sinusoidal volume grating is demonstrated, with the grating period and the refractive index modulation as user-defined parameters.

CZT.0069, Programming, Sinusoidal, Volume Grating, refractive index

Use Cases

This document shows a customizable spectral band filter in a system with a Gaussian pulse with a homogeneous spectrum.

CZT.0060, programming, spectral, band, filter, ASCII, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

A truncated cone structure is generated using the Programmable Interface, with its specifications (height, top/base diameter) as user-defined parameters.

CZT.0041, Programming, Truncated Cone, Surface, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

Using the Programmable Interface in VirtualLab Fusion, an anamorphic surface is programmed and especially with the surface gradient analytically given.

CZT.0034, Programming, Anamorphic Surface, customized, customization, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

In this programming example we illustrate how to use the Programmable Function in VirtualLab to create a custom idealised component that performs like an axicon.

CZT.0027, axicon, transmission, programming, VirtualLab Fusion, LightTrans

Use Cases

This example shows how to use a customized C# module to execute an IFTA design in VirtualLab Fusion.

CZT.0110, IFTA, Iterative Fourier transform algorithm, Module, Customization, Programming

Use Cases

See how to create a radially and an azimuthally polarized source, experimenting in the process with the programming of light sources and the potential of the Combined Light Source feature.

CZT.0105, light source, programmable, VirtualLab Fusion, LightTrans, radial azim, polarization

Use Cases

We investigate the relationship between the broadening of an ultrashort pulse and the dispersion of given materials that the pulse propagates through.

USP.0001, Pulse, Ultrashort pulse, Pulse broadening, Pulse duration, Dispersion, Chirp, Envelope, Dispersion, Dispersive media, Linear Fitting, Residual Phase, MISC.0074

Use Cases

We investigate the effects of subjecting an ultrashort pulse to propagation through a lens with high numerical aperture, in terms of its spatial, as well as of its temporal, profile.

MISC.0073, pulse, pulses, ultra-short pulse, ultra-short pulses, femtosecond pulses, femtosecond pulse, high-NA, high-NA lens, high numerical aperture, non-paraxial, laser, lens, spatio-temporal, field-tracing diagram

Use Cases

This Use Case demonstrates the characteristics of an ideal SSTF Setup including the effects of chirp.

USP.0006, Pulse-Front-Tilt, Simultaneously Spatial Temporal Focusing, Femtosecond Pulses

Use Cases

This use case demonstrates the modeling a compact reflective microscope system with a very high numerical aperture of 0.99 using VirtualLab Fusion’s fast physical optics technology. Further the result is compared to a reference.

MIC.0022, High-NA, Focusing, Objective Lens, Microscope, Reflective, Single-Molecule, Single Molecule, Molecule, Single-Molecule Microscopy

Use Cases

Following the Rayleigh criterion, we investigate the resolution of three microscope objective lenses with different numerical apertures.

MIC.0006, Microscopy, Microscope, Objective lens, Vectorial, Polarization, High-NA, Numerical aperture, Resolution, Rayleigh criterion

Use Cases

It is demonstrated that the resolution of a microscopy system depends on its numerical aperture.

MIC.0020, High-NA, Focusing, Objective Lens, Microscope, Abbe Criterion, LightTrans

Use Cases

A physical-optics-based simulation of Czerny-Turner setup consisting of parabolic mirrors and blazed grating for Sodium doublet examination, is investigated.

Czerny-Turner Setup, Resolving, Sodium Doublet, Spectrometers, Optical Metrology

Use Cases

With the Fourier modal method and the parametric optimization in VirtualLab Fusion, we demonstrate the analysis and design of anti-reflective moth-eye structures.

GRT.0011, moth eye, anti-reflective, surface reflection, grating, diffraction efficiency, Fourier modal method, RCWA, Parametric optimization, PMMA, Parameter Run, Fresnel Effect Calculator, reflection, reflectivity, reflectance, Field Inside, micro structure, nano structure

Use Cases

With the rigorous Fourier modal method (FMM), we analyze the effects, especially the phase modulation, of nanopillar structures with varying diameters - the building blocks of metalenses.

GRT.0012, Nanopillar, Nano-pillar, Metasurface, Meta-surface, Phase modulation, Grating, Diffraction efficiency, Fourier modal method, RCWA, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

We apply the Fourier modal method (FMM / RCWA) within VirtualLab Fusion to analyze resonant waveguide gratings rigorously and demonstrate how to check the resonant effects with focused Gaussian beams.

GRT.0017, Resonant Waveguide Grating, Grating, Diffraction, Efficiency, Resonant mode, Fourier modal method, FMM, Rigorous coupled wave analysis, RCWA

Use Cases

We demonstrate how to use Python to run an optical simulation in VirtualLab Fusion.

CPF.0002, Cross-Platform, Software, Interactive, Python, Parameter scan

Use Cases

This use case demonstrates the usage of the Savitzky-Golay filter in order to smooth out a measured spectrum.

Misc.0091, Filter, Manipulations, Import, Data Array, Measurements, Noise Filtering, noise, Savitzky, Golay, Saviztky-Golay-Filter

Use Cases

The scanning mode of the Parameter Run document generates a simulation series of all combinations of specified parameter variations and provides specifically suited output options.

MISC.0075, Parameter, Parameter scan, Variation, Tolerance analysis, Combination, Performance evaluation

Use Cases

The simulation of a Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope with VirtualLab Fusion. It also investigates the aberration effects in a sample system.

MISC.0095, Telescope, Astronomical Telescope, Schmidt Cassegrain Telescope, Cassegrain Telescope, Catadioptric Telescope, Reflector, Diffraction, Mirror, Stop, Aperture

Use Cases

Design of different types of cells arrays, which are used behind white light LED for generating customized patterns, are presented.

MISC.0012, Shaping, White Light, Prism, Grating, Mirror Cells Array, Microlens and microcell arrays, Light Shaping

Use Cases

The working principle of a Shack-Hartmann sensor is shown using plane waves and spherical waves with different values of the numerical aperture. The sensor itself consists of a double-convex microlens array.

Microlens-Array, Plane Wave, Spherical Wave, Shack-Hartmann Sensor, micro lens array, mla, wavefront sensor, wavefront, micro-lens, microlens, USP.0006

Use Cases

A waveguide combiner is illuminated with a test image that consists of more than 10,000 pixels.

DC.0003, distributed computing, lightguide, waveguide, field of view, FOV, image calculation, speed, parallelization

Use Cases

IFO.0020, Mirau, interferometer, interferometry, microscope, fringes, semi-transparent

Use Cases

This use case demonstrates the application of conical refraction as a tool for polarization metrology.

CRO.0007, Conical Refraction, Biaxial Crystals, Crystal Modeling, Laser Systems, polarization, VirtualLab Fusion Basic

Use Cases

When a linearly polarized beam is focused by a high-NA lens, the focal spot shows asymmetry due to the relatively strong Ez component.

MISC.0031, Simulation, Laser Beam, Focal Region, High-NA, Asphere, Beam Delivery, Laser Systems

Use Cases

When SLMs are often employed as programmable diffractive optical elements, the influence from the pixel gaps on the system performance is investigated.

MISC.0016, Diffraction of Pixels, SLM, Diffractive Optics, Light Shaping

Use Cases

The investigation of the influence of real gratings on the efficiency and uniformity of a lightguide are of essential importance. This use case shows an example with a slanted grating as incoupler and binary surface relief grating as EPE and outcoupler.

LIG.0006, lightguide, light guide, light-guide, wave guide, waveguide, wave-guide, grating, slanted grating, binary grating, 1D-1D eye pupil expander, AR, MR, AR&MR, MR&AR, augmented reality, mixed reality

Use Cases

In this use case, the relationship between the number of alternate birefringent layers and the Bragg reflection condition is explored with VirtualLab Fusion. The variation of the reflectance efficiency with different wavelengths and incident angles is further investigated.

Anisotropic, Birefringent, liquid crystal display (LCD), multilayer, reflective polarizer

Use Cases

This document illustrates how to use the Multiple Light Source in VirtualLab Fusion.

SRC.006, Multiple light source, Tutorial, Multimode, sources, multi light, multi-light, multiple source, 

Use Cases

This use case shows the modeling a reflective pyramid wavefront sensor by using VirtualLab Fusion’s Field Tracing technology.

MISC.0091, pyramid, wavefront, sensor, focus, focusing, aberration, PyWFS, diffraction, modeling level

Use Cases

Three types of gratings (modeled by phase-only transmissions) are employed in a single grating interferometer for the x-ray...

MISC.0079, Grating interferometer, Talbot-Lau interferometer, Talbot effect, Self-image, Self-imaging, Diffraction

Use Cases

We model a complete high-NA Fourier microscopy system for single-molecule imaging. Exemplarily, we show the effect of e.g. Fresnel losses at interfaces, diffraction from apertures, and compare the simulation results to a reference.

MIC.0008, Microscopy, Microscope, Objective lens, Vectorial, Polarization, High-NA, Single molecule, Dipole, Fourier, Fourier microscopy

Use Cases

For optical elements, which cannot be found in the catalogs of VirtualLab Fusion, users are able to create them by using programmable objects, e.g., programmable source, interface, medium and detector. The programming language is C#. The source code editors is the most important structure of all programmable objects. This use case introduces the general structure of the source code editor.

CZT.0002, Catalogs, programmable objects, programmable source, interface, medium, detector, C#, c sharp, source code editor

Use Cases

This use case covers the user-friendly interface to select grating orders and specify their efficiencies (either idealized or calculated rigorously) for the grating regions of a light guide.

LIG.0003, Light guide, grating, grating regions, region waveoptics, lightguide, waveguide, wave guide, TIR, order, efficiency, real grating, lookup table, coupling, incoupler, coupler, outcoupler, augmented reality, mixed reality, AR & MR, AR, MR, near-eye display, NED, near eye display, head-up display, HUD

Use Cases

By using an idealized non-paraxial polarizer model, the interaction of a polarizer with incident wave from different angles is investigated, and the results are characterized by Stokes parameters.

Stokes Parameters Measurement, Tilted Polarization, Crytal Modeling, Laser Systems

Use Cases

This use case introduces the Stratified Media Component and gives an overview of its options, settings, and electromagnetic field solver.

SWF.0005, Stratified Media Component, Stratified Media, Stratified-Media, Layer, Coating, Layer, layered structure, Anti-Reflection, High-Reflection, HR-Coating, AR-Coating, metasurface

Use Cases

The stress-induced birefringence in a YAG crystal is investigated, by examining the change of output field with respect to the strength of stresses.

Stress-induced Birefringence, Laser Crystals, Crystal Modeling, Laser Systems

Use Cases

We demonstrate, according to T. Clausnitzer et al., how to build up a pulse stretching or compression system with two transmission gratings. Especially, we analyze the polarization dependency of such systems.

USP.0005, Pulse, Ultrashort pulse, Pulse broadening, Stretcher, Pulse compression, Grating, Gratings pair, Transmission gratings, Polarization independent grating

Use Cases

In VirtualLab Fusion the user can design phase functions, which works as beam shaper, beam splitter and diffuser. This use case shows the usage of the structure design tool, which can be used to convert the phase function into a height profile.

MISC.0060, beam shaper, beam splitter, diffuser, structure design tool

Use Cases

VirtualLab Fusion enables the user to build up an optical system once and analyze it with different tracing techniques. This use case demonstrates how the non-sequential analysis of your setup can be performed.

MISC.0054, System Analysis, Sequential Field Tracing, Non-Sequential Field Tracing, Feature Use Case, Near-eye displays, Virtual & Mixed Reality

Use Cases

In this document, the application and advantages of the System Modeling Analyzer tool are demonstrated at two different examples.

Misc.0093, Filter, System Modeling Analyzer, Modeling Analyzer, Analyzer, Fourier Transformation, Automatic Fourier Transformation, Fourier Transform, Fourier, Software, System

Use Cases

With the region concept in VirtualLab Fusion, apertures with arbitrary shapes can be defined flexibly. Situations with fully and partially illuminated apertures are shown.

Tailored Light, Outcoupling, Glass Plate, Near-eye display, Waveguide HUDs, Virtual & Mixed Reality

Use Cases

A phase mask with a layer of cones is modeled rigorously in VirtualLab Fusion. Different Talbot images are detected, with the pillar pattern reproduced in the primary image plane and the hole pattern in the secondary.

GRT.0023, Talbot Image, Phase Mask, Grating, Lithography, Fourier modal method, FMM, RCWA

Use Cases

Two commonly used, but very different algorithms for the analysis of diffraction efficiencies of gratings are investigated: TEA and FMM.

GRT.0019, Grating, Thin element approximation, TEA, Fourier modal method, FMM, RCWA, Sinusoidal grating, Blazed grating

Use Cases

It is demonstrated that the PSF is distorted behind the coverslip of an immersion microscope.

MIC.0011, High-NA, Focusing, Objective Lens, Microscope, Immersion Microscope

Use Cases

VirtualLab Fusion with its idealized lens functions provides an easy way to analyze the focusing effects of polarized vectorial fields...

MIC.0005, Microscopy, Microscope, Objective lens, Vectorial, Polarization, Circular polarization, Radial polarization, High-NA, Focus, Focal region, Deby-Wolf integral, Resolution

Use Cases

It is demonstrated that the focal spot is aberrated for tight focusing through a coverslip, which is a stratified medium.

MIC.0012, High-NA, Focusing, Objective Lens, Microscope, Coverslip, Microscope, Stratified Medium

Use Cases

In a fiber coupling optical setup, the coupling efficiency is analyzed with respect to tolerance factors like the shift of fiber end position and the tilt of lens.

FCP.0004, Fibers, VirtualLab Fusion, LightTrans, Fiber Coupling, Efficiency, Tolerance, Sensitivity, Shift, Tilt

Use Cases

In this use case we demonstrate a programmable Parameter Run that allows the user to employ different random distributions for the purpose of tolerancing.

Misc.0065, Parameter Run, Programmable, Random Distribution, Grating, normal distribution, uniform distribution, cutoff normal distribution, cutoff, tolerance, tolerancing, random, manufacturing, manufacturing error, histogram

Use Cases

The polarization-dependent properties of ultra-sparse dielectric nanowire grids are analyzed by using the Fourier modal method (FMM, also known as RCWA).

GRT.0006, Ultrasparse, Dielectric, Nanowire, Grid, Polarizer, Inclusion of Gratings, Imaging Systems, Fourier modal method, FMM, Rigorous coupled wave analysis, RCWA, grating, metal

Use Cases

This use case shows how to use the uniformity detector in VirtualLab Fusion.

LIG.0016, Light guide, uniformity, detector, grating, real grating, slanted, binary, lightguide, waveguide, wave guide, TIR, order, coupling, incoupler, coupler, outcoupler, augmented reality, mixed reality, AR & MR, AR, MR, near-eye display, NED, near eye display, head-up display, HUD , field of view, FOV

Use Cases

The Universal Detector is the most versatile tool to evaluate and output any information of an electromagnetic field in VirtualLab Fusion.

SWF.0014, Universal Detector, Detector, Electromagnetic Field, Detection, Addon, Detector-Addon, Detector Addon, Physical Value, Measuring, Measure, Detection, Result, Physical Value, Physical Magnitude, Value, Magnitude, physical quantity, physical quantities

Use Cases

It is shown how to model the effect of unpolarized light, as the average of two orthogonal polarization states, for grating simulations in VirtualLab Fusion.

GRT.0024, Grating, Diffraction, Polarization, Unpolarized light, Incoherent sum, Incoherent average

Use Cases

The Camera Detector constitutes one of the most fundamental detectors in VirtualLab Fusion. Keep reading for an in-depth description of how to configure and use this detector in simulations.

MISC.0036, Camera Detector, visualize, energy density distribution, configuration

Use Cases

The Debye-Wolf integral calculator in VirtualLab Fusion computes the vectorial field near focus based on an idealized model, when the exact specifications of the objective lens are not known.

MIC.0002, Microscopy, Microscope, Vectorial, Polarization, Debye Wolf, Debye Wolf Integral

Use Cases

This Use Case show how Distributed Computing can be activated in VirtualLab Fusion.

SWF.0045, Distributed Computing, Cloud, Optimization, Parameter Run, Parameter Sweep

Use Cases

The focal length is an important parameter to evaluate an imaging system. By using the Focal Length Analyzer, the effective and back focal length of optical components can be obtained and used with parametric optimization.

MISC.0011, focal length, analyzer, Optical Interface Sequence, OIS, VirtualLab, LightTrans

Use Cases

Point spread function (PSF) and modulation transfer function (MTF) are important optical quantities to evaluate the quality of an imaging system. In VirtualLab Fusion, PSF and MTF for an imaging system can be calculated fast and accurately.

MISC.0018, VirtualLab, LightTrans, PSF, MTF, Detector

Use Cases

Using the Parameter Run in VirtualLab Fusion, one can specify the varying range of selected parameters flexibly, so as to perform system analysis, e.g. tolerancing.

MISC.0071, Parameter Run, Tolerance, Tolerancing, Sensitivity, scanning, Parameters

Use Cases

Due to its high sensitivity to small changes in optical parameters, variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) is a commonly applied technology...

MISC.0096, Ellipsometry, reflection efficiency, thin film, grating order analyzer

Use Cases

An interferometric setup is built up with SLM, apertures, quarter-wave plates, and grating, in a 4f lens system. Using this setup, we demonstrate the generation of cylindrical vector beams.

IFO.0014, Vector beam, Radial polarization, Azimuthal polarization, Interferometer, Interference, Vortex, Quarter-wave plate, Spatial light modulator, SLM

Use Cases

In this document we take an in-depth look at the visualization options of 2D Data Arrays and go through the corresponding View ribbon options in detail.

SWF.0024, Data Array, 2D Data Array, Visualization, Numeric, Numerical Data Array, Scaling, Settings, Handling,

Use Cases

This feature Use Case illustrates the usage of the Global Options parameters that relate to visualization and the graphic display of results.

MISC.0095, Visualization Settings, Global Options,

Use Cases

In this use case we demonstrate a detector add-on for the Universal Detector that superimposes the visualization of lightguide grating regions.

LIG.0015, lightguide, light guide, light-guide, waveguide, wave guide, wave-guide, universal detector, detector add-on, add-on, addon, add on, region, grating region, visualization

Use Cases

In lens design, the aberration information in the lens system is important for the optimization process. In VirtualLab Fusion, detectors for different kinds of wave aberration representation are provided.

MISC.0051, lens design, aberration information, optimization, wave aberration

Use Cases