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Cross-Platform Simulation with VirtualLab Fusion

VirtualLab Fusion can run in batch mode and thus enable cross-platform simulations when used alongside other software tools.

Design of Fiber Coupling Systems and Tolerance Analysis

How to couple light into optical fibers with high efficiency is of great concern for many applications, e.g., in telecommunication, remote sensing, and lasers.

Design of Gratings and Their Modeling within Optical Systems

Gratings are increasingly gaining importance in modern optics for various applications. Subwavelength structures including metastructures require vectorial electromagnetic methods. VirtualLab Fusion provides full solutions, from the design of single components to their application in a complex optical system.

Diffractive Lenses and Holographic Optical Elements (HOEs)

VirtualLab Fusion provides a complete workflow for diffractive-lens and HOE design.

DOEs and Diffusers for Light Shaping

The summer release 2019 of VirtualLab Fusion enables their inclusion in systems and therefore the evaluation of overall performance.

Lightguide Devices for AR & VR Applications

The VirtualLab AR & VR Solution Package is the only commercially available single-platform software that provides physical-optics modeling of AR & VR lightguides.

Metalens and Metasurface Holograms

Metalenses and metasurfaces have risen to scientific fame by virtue of their unique properties for manipulation of electromagnetic fields, and nowadays their fabrication has become feasible.

Modeling of Optical Interferometers

Modern interferometers often consist of light sources with various coherence properties, and different components. VirtualLab Fusion is a unified platform for the modeling of such complex systems based on physical optics and with a user-friendly interface.

Use Cases

Advanced Configuration of Slanted Gratings

Coated slanted gratings can be configured easily within VirtualLab. This use case explains the available options for the customization of slanted gratings.

Advanced PSF & MTF Calculation for System with Rectangular Aperture

By placing a rotated rectangular aperture behind input fields with different sizes, the PSF and MTF in the focal plane are investigated.

Advanced PSF and MTF Calculation of Imaging System

An imaging system consisting of a collimation objective and human eye is modeled, and by changing the illumination conditions, the cases with fully and partially illuminated apertures are investigated.

Advanced PSF Calculation in a High-NA Lens System

When a linearly polarized Gaussian beam is focused by a high-NA aspheric lens, the PSF in focal plane shows asymmetry due to vectorial effects.

Analysis and Design of Highly Efficient Polarization Independent Transmission Gratings

We demonstrate how to analyze the polarization-dependent property of binary gratings rigorously, also to optimize the binary structures to obtain polarization-independent high diffraction efficiency.

Analysis of an Offner System with Non-Sequential Field Tracing

An Offner system that consists of two concentric spherical mirrors is built up and its imaging property is investigated by using the non-sequential field tracing in VirtualLab.

Analysis of Blazed Grating by Fourier Modal Method

The Fourier modal method (FMM) can be used to analyze grating efficiencies rigorously in VirtualLab Fusion.

Analysis of Folded Imaging System with Multiple Apertures

For a folded waveguide-based imaging system, the multiple apertures effect, including in- and outcoupling gratings and pupil aperture, is shown to affect the PSF and MTF on image plane.

Analysis of Folded Imaging System with Planar or Curved Waveguide

To evaluate the image quality of a near-to-eye display system, it is important to include the influence from the waveguide structure. In this example, both planar and curved waveguide are investigated.

Analysis of Slanted Gratings for Lightguide Coupling

Different slanted grating geometries are selected from literature, with varying slant angle, fill factor, and modulation depth, and the diffraction efficiencies are calculated with the Fourier modal method (FMM).

Analyzing High-NA Objective Lens Focusing

High-NA objective lenses are widely used in optical lithography, microscopy, etc. Consideration of the vectorial nature of light in the simulation of the focusing is of great importance.

Animation Generation from Chromatic Fields Sets in Parameter Run

A very typical detector within VirtualLab Fusion is the camera detector which generates a chromatic fields set. This use case demonstrates how easy it is to convert a set of chromatic fields sets into an animation from a parameter run.

Application of the Programmable Mode of a Parameter Run

In VirtualLab, the variation of parameters in an optical system is freely customizable using the programmable mode of the Parameter Run feature. We use a specific example to illustrate the application of this programmable mode.

Automatic Selection of Fourier Transform Techniques in Free-Space Propagation Operator

VirtualLab Fusion provides a unified free-space propagation concept in the k-domain, together with automatic selection of proper Fourier transform techniques.

Channel Resolution Accuracy Setting of Non-Sequential Field Tracing

Non-sequential field tracing is done with two steps in VirtualLab Fusion. Firstly, according to an adjustable accuracy factor, the light path through the system is detected. This light path finding can be controlled by the corresponding accuracy factor.

Channel Setting for Non-Sequential Tracing

With the flexible channel control in VirtualLab Fusion, one can easily switch between sequential and non-sequential tracing, and can control the non-sequential tracing configuration.

Coherence Measurement Using Michelson Interferometer and Fourier Transform Spectroscopy

It is demonstrated that the fringe contrast in a Michelson interferometer with a light source of certain bandwidth varies when the optical path difference changes.

Collimation of Astigmatic Diode Laser Beam by Objective Lens

High-power laser diodes often exhibit asymmetric divergence and astigmatism. Collimation of such a laser diode is investigated with both ray tracing and field tracing.

Comparison of Different Lenses for Fiber Coupling

For the task of coupling light into a single-mode fiber, two commercially available lenses are selected, and their performance are evaluated by using the overlap integral.

Configuration of Grating Structures by Using Interfaces

In VirtualLab Fusion, grating structures are configured in a “stack”, which can be constructed with either a sequence of interfaces or special media, depending on the geometry of the grating. In this use case the configuration of grating structures based on interfaces is explained. 

Configuration of Grating Structures by Using Special Media

In the VirtualLab’s Grating Software Package grating structures can be configured by using a stack. In this use case the configuration of grating structures based on media is explained.

Configuration of Grating Structures with Two-Dimensional Periodicity

In VirtualLab Fusion, complex 3D grating structures can be configured using stacks. This use case is focused on the configuration of grating structures which exhibit two-dimensional periodicity.

Conical Refraction in Biaxial Crystals

With the fast-physical-optics simulation technique in VirtualLab, conical refraction from a KGd crystal is demonstrated.

Construction and Modeling of a Graded-Index Lens

VirtualLab Fusion allows for the specification of a graded-index lens in a very user-friendly way. In addition, such index-modulated lenses can be analyzed by ray tracing as well as by field tracing.

Construction of a Truncated Pyramid Surface

This Use Case shows how to construct a pyramid-like surface by using the programmable surface in VirtualLab Fusion.

Correction of Chromatic Aberration by Using a Diffractive Lens

A hybrid imaging system consisting of both refractive and diffractive lenses is analyzed, especially, with the undesired diffraction orders of the diffractive lens taken into account.

Coupling of Parameters in VirtualLab Fusion

The Parameter Coupling feature of VirtualLab can be used to define the coupling of different parameters in an arbitrary optical setup, which helps create complex relations of these parameters.

Cross-Platform Optical Modeling and Design with VirtualLab Fusion and MATLAB

We demonstrate how to use MATLAB to access the field solvers in VirtualLab Fusion, and use them together with MATLAB functions for analysis and optimization.

Cross-Platform Optical Modeling and Design with VirtualLab Fusion and Python

We demonstrate how to use Python to access the field solvers in VirtualLab Fusion, and use them together with Python functions for further analysis.

Customizable Help for Programmable Elements

VirtualLab provides multiple tools to implement your custom sources, components, detectors etc. For documentation of such customized object the snippet help can be used.

Customized Detector for Lightguide Coupling Grating Evaluation

We present a customized detector which calculates the grating diffraction efficiencies over a user-defined incident-angle range, and also delivers the mean value and contrast of the efficiencies.

Customized Module: Grating Period Calculation According to the Guiding Condition of Lightguides

A module in VirtualLab Fusion is generated to calculate the range of the period of a coupling grating, so as to fulfill the guiding condition of lightguides.

Czerny-Turner Setup

A physical-optics-based simulation of Czerny-Turner setup, which consists of parabolic mirrors and blazed grating, is presented.

Data Array Import with Saved Settings

Data is often stored in the form of .txt, .csv, .bmp etc. VirtualLab Fusion supports to import these data forms and store them into Data Array. VirtualLab Fusion supports also to save and load the settings of the import for multiple import sessions.

Design and Analysis of Intraocular Diffractive Lens

We show how to import an intraocular diffractive lens design from Zemax OpticStudio® into VirtualLab Fusion, model it with the actual binary structure, and optimize the structure height for better performance.

Design and Rigorous Analysis of Non-Paraxial Diffractive Beam Splitter

Fourier modal method (FMM) is applied for the rigorous evaluation of non-paraxial diffractive beam splitters, which are initially designed by using IFTA and thin-element approximation.

Design of a Diffractive Diffuser to Generate a LightTrans Mark

Two diffractive diffusers, with continuous or discrete phase, for generating a LightTrans trademark are designed, and their performance is investigated.

Design of a High-NA Beam Splitter with 24000 Dots Random Pattern

Designing of high-NA dot-projection system is of great practical use. In this example, a single phase plate for generating a 24,000 dots random pattern is designed.

Design of a Refractive Beam Shaper to Generate a Circular Top-Hat

With the user-friendly design tools in VirtualLab, a refractive beam shaper for shaping a fundamental Gaussian beam into top-hat profile is designed and analyzed.

Design of Diffractive Beam Splitters for Generating a 2D Light Mark

The iterative Fourier transform algorithm (IFTA) in VirtualLab enables customized beam splitters design with high efficiency and flexibility.

Diffraction Efficiency Analysis for a Czerny-Turner Setup

A physical-optics-based simulation of Czerny-Turner setup, which consists of parabolic mirrors and blazed grating, is presented.

Diffraction Order Overlap in a Czerny-Turner Setup

A physical-optics-based simulation of Czerny-Turner setup, which consists of parabolic mirrors and blazed grating, is presented, particularly with the higher diffraction order taken into account.

Diffraction Pattern Calculation from a Reflection-Type Diffractive Beam Splitter

This use case demonstrates how the diffracted pattern changes when the reflection-type beam splitter (designed for normal incidence) rotates.

Electromagnetic Field Detector

With the Electromagnetic Field Detector the user can access the fully vectorial electromagnetic field at any given plane in the system. We explain here how to handle this detector.

Electromagnetic Field Interaction with Nanocylinders

With the perfectly matched layers (PMLs) technique, the interaction between a focused Gaussian beam and nanocylinders with varying diameters is investigated.

Examination of Sodium D Lines with Fabry-Pérot Etalon

An optical metrology system with a silica spaced etalon is set up to measure the sodium D lines in VirtualLab Fusion, and the influence from the coating reflectance is investigated.

Export Harmonic Fields Sets into ASCII Files

This document shows a programmable module that can export any kind of Harmonic Fields Set into ASCII files.

Export of Fabrication Data

VirtualLab can export smooth and quantized interfaces, as well as mirror/prism/grating cells arrays into various file formats, e.g., STL and GDSII file format.

Export of Results of a Parameter Run

Variation of parameters of an optical system can be done by using VirtualLab Fusion’s parameter run. In this use case the export of the provided results of the parameter run is explained.

Export Systems and Components into STL & IGES Format

VirtualLab Fusion supports the export of optical components specified in the system into various CAD formats. This includes for example the export of lenses, prisms, mirror systems and other components into STL and in IGES format.

Femtosecond Pulse Propagation through Dispersive Seawater

The propagation of a 5 fs pulse through seawater is studied in VirtualLab. The broadening of the pulse and the change in its temporal profile due to dispersion of the material are shown.

Fizeau Interferometer for Optical Testing

A Fizeau interferometer is set up with the help of non-sequential field tracing technology, and the interference fringes from several different test surfaces are shown.

Flexible Region Configuration

In optical modeling, a finite region is often used as the area for further operation. VirtualLab Fusion supports to generate regions in different manners with great ease.

Focal Spots for Different Aberrations

Several typical wavefront aberrations are selected as examples, and their corresponding focal spots are investigated with varying parameters.

Focus Investigation behind Aspherical Lens

A laser diode with asymmetric divergence and astigmatism is first collimated and then focused. Evolution of the field in the focal region is investigated in detail.

Focusing of Femtosecond Pulse by Using a High-NA Off-Axis Parabolic Mirror

The focusing process of a 10 fs pulse by using a high-NA parabolic mirror is modeled in VirtualLab, and both the spatial and temporal behaviors are investigated.

Full-Field Optical Coherence Scanning Interferometry

With a low-coherence Xenon lamp source, a Michelson interferometer is built up for precise scanning of the surface profile of a given specimen.

Gaussian Beam Focused by a Thermal Lens

This use case shows the variation of the focal length of the thermal lens, as well as the focus beam diameter when the input power changes [W. Koechner, Appl. Opt. 9, 2548–2553 (1970)]. This example is published in [H. Zhong, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 35].

Generation of Spatially Varying Polarization by Interference with Polarized Light

With a Mach-Zehnder interferometer setup with two rotatable polarizers, we demonstrate the generation of spatially varying polarization.

Grating Optimization in VirtualLab Fusion Using optiSLang

A workflow is presented for how to optimize a grating structure regarding a specified merit function using VirtualLab Fusion and the optimization software optiSLang.

Grating Order Analyzer

In VirtualLab Fusion, the Grating Order Analyzer can be used for convenient grating diffraction analysis, with results presented in various ways.

Grating Stretcher for Ultrashort Pulses

We set up a pulse stretcher consisting of two diffractive gratings and investigate the pulse broadening effect induced by the interaction of the pulse with the gratings.

Herrig Schiefspiegler Telescope

A Herrig Schiefspiegler telescope with two mirrors, but with four reflections in a double-pass configuration, is modeled with the non-sequential ray and field tracing techniques in VirtualLab.

High-NA Focusing by Off-Axis Parabolic Mirror

In high-NA focusing situations, e.g. with parabolic mirror, it is demonstrated that input fields with different polarizations leads to different focal spots.

High-NA Pattern Generation by Combining Two Beam Splitter Elements

A two diffractive beam splitter system for high-NA pattern generation is designed with IFTA, and the system performance is investigated, especially with the non-paraxial splitter analyzed by using FMM.

How to Customize the Position of Source Modes Via Programming and Example (Along a Line)

Using laterally shifted modes is one possible strategy to mimic partial spatial coherence. In this tutorial we show you how to manipulate the positions of the source modes via programming.

How to Set Up a Panel-Type Source

With the panel-type source in VirtualLab it is possible to model a pixelated display, with the pixel pitch and the number of pixels as free parameters for the user to fix.

How to Set Up a Scanning Source

The scanning source in VirtualLab defines a multi-mode source that radiates into several pre-defined directions, which is of help for e.g. the modeling and evaluation of a laser scanning system.

How to Work with the C# Module and Example (Computing the Deviation Between Two Fields)

In this tutorial we explain the basics of working with the C# Module: one of the most flexible, most advanced programmable items in VirtualLab Fusion!

How to Work with the Programmable Component and Example (Ideal Grating)

The Programmable Component is one of the most versatile programmable elements in VirtualLab. Follow this tutorial for instructions on a first contact with this feature!

How to Work with the Programmable Detector and Example (Minimum and Maximum Wavelengths)

In this tutorial we show how to work with the Programmable Detector, one of the most versatile customizable elements in VirtualLab Fusion.

How to Work with the Programmable Function & Example (Cylindrical Lens)

In this document we explain how to work with the Programmable Function, using the example of a cylindrical lens.

How to Work with the Programmable Interface & Example (Spherical Surface)

In this document we explain how to work with the Programmable Interface, using the example of a simple spherical surface.

How to Work with the Programmable Light Source in VirtualLab Fusion and Example (Gaussian Beam)

In this document we show you how to work with the Programmable Source: a means to define the spatial dependence of a custom basic source mode. We use the Gaussian as an example.

How to Work with the Programmable Material and Example (Linear Dependence)

In this detailed tutorial we explain how to create your own custom materials (refractive index with respect to wavelength) in VirtualLab Fusion.

How to Work with the Programmable Medium and Example (Thermal Lens)

In this detailed tutorial we explain how to create your own custom media (dependence of refractive index on position) in VirtualLab Fusion.

How to Work with the Programmable Spectrum and Example (Black-Body Radiation)

Discover how to create your own custom spectra via programming in VirtualLab Fusion with this in-depth tutorial on the topic, rounded up with a basic hands-on example.

Imaging of Sub-Wavelength Gratings by Using Vector Beam Illumination

A high-NA microscope for imaging of sub-wavelength grating is build up, and the influences from illumination with linear, radial, and azimuthal polarizations is investigated.

Imaging of Sub-Wavelength Gratings with Different Profiles

Modeling of a complete high-NA imaging system, with sub-wavelength gratings with different profiles as samples under test, is presented.

Imaging of Sub-Wavelength Gratings with Varying Period

Modeling of a complete high-NA imaging system, with sub-wavelength gratings with varying period as samples under test, is presented.

Import and Export of Chromatic Fields Sets

Chromatic fields set are standard documents to show a light distribution in VirtualLab Fusion. This use case demonstrates the options for import and export chromatic fields sets.

Import of Zemax Beam Files

VirtualLab Fusion can import the Zemax beam file, and convert it into field with full components. After importing, further operation with the field can be applied, e.g. propagation.

Import Optical Systems from Zemax OpticStudio®

VirtualLab Fusion allows the import of optical systems with the full 3D position information and glasses from Zemax OpticStudio®, and provides field tracing for further investigation of the imported system.

Investigation of Ghost Image Effects in Collimation System

The ghost image effect in a collimation lens system is investigated, by checking the reflections between uncoated surfaces with the non-sequential tracing technique.

Investigation of Idealized Vectorial Focusing Situation Using Debye-Wolf Integral

We use the Debye-Wolf integral calculator in VirtualLab Fusion for vectorial focal field investigation with different parameters.

Investigation of Lens Aberrations in a SLM-based Beam Shaping Setup

For a diffractive beam shaper used together with focusing lens, the influence from lens aberrations on the system performance is investigated.

Investigation of Polarization State of Diffraction Orders

VirtualLab Fusion enables the detailed analysis of grating structures, with possible changes in the polarization state of the diffracted orders taken into consideration.

Laser-Based Michelson Interferometer and Interference Fringe Exploration

A Michelson interferometer is set up with the help of non-sequential tracing technology in VirtualLab Fusion, and the interference fringes in different configurations are demonstrated.

Light Path Diagram Information Export

In VirtualLab Fusion you can export a summary of all system parameters in the light path diagram into an XML File. This use case shows how to export the parameters and how to visualize the parameters.

Light Propagation through Waveguide with In- & Outcoupling Surface Gratings

As one important issue for near-eye display (NED) design, the propagation of light through waveguide structure with tailored in- and outcoupling gratings can be easily modeled with the help of region and channel concept in VirtualLab Fusion.

Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

We build up a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in VirtualLab Fusion, and demonstrate how the tilt and shift of component affect the interference fringe.

Mie Solution to Maxwell’s Equations for Scattering of an Electromagnetic Plane Wave

With the Mie solution for an electromagnetic plane wave in VirtualLab Fusion, we investigate the scattering effect of spherical particles with different radii and made of different materials.

Modeling of a Hybrid Eyepiece with Diffractive Lens Surface for Chromatic Aberration Correction

A hybrid eyepiece with diffractive lens surface for correcting chroamtic aberration is imported from Zemax OpticStudio® and further analyzed in VirtualLab Fusion, especially including the modeling of the actual diffractive surface structures with different quantization schemes.

Modeling of An Image Projection System Based on Panel-Type Display

An image projection system is set up using the panel-type source. The performance of the system is evaluated by observing the spot grid in both the spatial and angular domains.

Modeling of Etalon with Planar or Curved Surfaces

We set up optical etalons with both planar and curved surfaces. With the non-sequential field tracing technique, the differences in the interference fringes are investigated.

Modeling of Graded-Index (GRIN) Lens

VirtualLab provides a physical-optics modeling technique for light propagation through GRIN media, which includes fully electromagnetic information and runs as fast as ray tracing.

Modeling of Graded-Index (GRIN) Multimode Fiber

A fast approach for light propagation through a GRIN medium, which includes the polarization crosstalk effect, is implemented, and its validity and advantages are shown in comparison with a rigorous solver.

Modeling of Microlens Arrays with Different Lens Shapes

The imaging properties of microlens array with different lens shapes are investigated. Change of the focal spots with respect to aberration of input field is demonstrated.

Modeling of the Talbot Effect

We demonstrate the Talbot effect, which is a well-known near field diffraction effect from periodic structures such as gratings.

Module for the Measurement of FFT Execution Time

A module is programmed to measure the FFT execution time for a quadratic field with different numbers of sampling points, in float and/or double precision.

Non-Sequential Configuration: How to Use Simulation Settings for Ray and Field Tracing

This use case explains the usage of the provided accuracy factors to control the ray and field tracing engine within VirtualLab Fusion with the focus on the setting of non-sequential simulation.

Non-Sequential Ray Tracing Analysis of Glass Plate

By using the non-sequential tracing technique in VirtualLab, the ray tracing analysis of a glass plate is performed.

Observation of Gouy Phase Shift in a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

Gouy phase shift, which is a p phase term, can be observed by a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The interference along optical axis is constructive before focus, while destructive behind focus.

Observation of the Poisson Spot

The vital role of diffraction in the Poisson-spot experiment provided proof of the wavelike nature of light. We perform here a simulation of this key experiment.

Optical System for Inspection of Micro-Structured Wafer

A complete wafer inspection system including high-NA focusing effect and light interaction with microstructures is modeled, and the formation of image is demonstrated.

Optimal Working Distance for Coupling Light into Single-Mode Fibers

In this example, we select one commercially available lens and show how to find the optimal working distance to obtain maximum fiber coupling efficiency by using field tracing.

Optimization of Binary Grating for Lightguide Coupling over Desired FOV

With the rigorous Fourier modal method (FMM) in VirtualLab Fusion and the evolutionary algorithm in optiSLang, we demonstrate the optimization of a binary grating for waveguide coupling for the desired field of view (FOV).

Optimization of Lightguide Coupling Grating for Single Incidence Direction

We demonstrate the design workflow for optimizing a rectangular grating for one specific incidence direction to obtain maximum efficiency for a specific diffraction order.

Optimization of Slanted Grating for Lightguide Coupling over Desired FOV

We optimize a slanted grating for waveguide coupling over desired field of view (FOV), by using VirtualLab Fusion and optiSLang in combination.

Optimizing Waveguide Outcoupling Gratings for Uniform Multiple Channels

To ensure uniform multiple waveguide output channels, the outcoupling gratings are optimized, with their efficiencies calculated by the rigorous Fourier modal method.

Orientation of Gratings within a Grating Region

In this use case we will explain the advanced orientation setting for gratings within a grating region. Currently grating regions are only available within the waveguide toolbox.

Overview of Detectors

Detectors are a fundamental part of any optical system. In this document you may find an overview of the detectors which are readily available in VirtualLab Fusion.

Parametric Optimization and Tolerance Analysis of Slanted Gratings

With the Fourier modal method (FMM) as the kernel on which parametric optimization is then applied, a slanted grating is designed to achieve high diffraction efficiency for coupling light into waveguides. Fabrication tolerances including rounded edges are analyzed.

Parametric Optimization of a Half-Symmetric Two-Mirror Resonator

In VirtualLab Fusion, users can easily construct a two-mirror laser resonator, and use parametric optimization to design this resonator to generate a desired output mode.

Parametric Optimization of Fiber Coupling Lenses

With the parametric optimization in VirtualLab, the design of a fiber coupling lens with conical surface, for efficient coupling into a single-mode fiber is presented.

Performance Analysis of Laser Scanning System

A scanning system consisting a dual-axis galvanometer and an aspherial focusing lens is modeled, with the rotation of the mirrors taken into simulation as in the practical case.

Performance Evaluation of an F-Theta Scanning Lens

With the scanning source in VirtualLab, we analyze the performance of an F-Theta lens, by measuring the focal spot position deviation and the spot size for different scan angles.

Polarization Conversion in Uniaxial Crystals

The conversion of polarization of a linearly polarized light in calcite crystal is demonstrated in VirtualLab.

Polarizer in Focal Region

To model polarizer used in non-paraxial cases, an idealized model is implemented in VirtualLab, and the effect of a polarizer in the focal region is presented.

Position and Orientation Information Display Control

In VirtualLab Fusion, users can select which information of position and orientation to be shown. This use case shows how to set up the position and orientation information display in a Light Path View.

Programmable Component for Free-Space Propagation

In this programming example, we present some functions which were used in the Classic Field Tracing engine to propagate an electromagnetic field that was represented in an equidistantly sampled form.

Programmable Grating Analyzer

We show how to use a Programmable Grating Analyzer to access the grating diffraction information, to display it, and to use it for further analysisor optimization.

Programmable Light Source, Function, Interface and Medium

VirtualLab Fusion offers the option to define optical component by programmable elements. This use case explains the usage of code snippets for programmable light source, interface, function and medium.

Programming a Chirped Gaussian Pulse Spectrum

This example shows how to use Programmable Pulse Spectrum to generate a chirped Gaussian pulse, with the pulse specification given in time domain.

Programming a Degree of Coherence Detector

Based on the fully vectorial electromagnetic field information, a Programmable Detector is done for the calculation of the degree of coherence.

Programming a Detector for Diffractive Optics Merit Functions Calculation

Based on the full field information, and together with the Programmable Detector, several typically used merit functions in diffractive optics are realized in this example.

Programming a Detector Summing Square Amplitude on Optical Axis

This example illustrate the access on field values in a Programmable Detector via source code, and it calculates the sum of all squared amplitudes on the optical axis including all field components.

Programming a Detector to Save Fields Automatically

A Programmable Detector is constructed for saving a light distribution (harmonic fields set) to the desired file path on the hard disk.

Programming a Double Pinhole Transmission Function

In this programming example we illustrate how to code a transmission function that imitates an opaque screen punctured by two round holes.

Programming a Double Slit Function

An example snippet is presented for defining a double slit function, with customizable slit width and distance in between.

Programming a Micro-Lens Array

This example shows how to realize an array of micro-lenses on a rectangular grid by using the Programmable Interface in VirtualLab.

Programming a Module That Computes the Standard Deviation between Two Harmonic Fields

Gauging the accuracy of a given result is fundamental in science and engineering. In this use case we show you how to program a module to compute the standard deviation between two fields.

Programming a Module that Smooths the Edges of a Structure

This programmable module is designed to be applied to the sharp result of a designed structure, and it will round off the edges according to user-specified values.

Programming a Multiple-Slit Transmission Function

In this document you can find an example for the Programmable Function which defines an arbitrary number of equidistant slits with an arbitrary width and distance.

Programming a Scanning Parameter Run

A convex-plano single lens is analyzed by scanning over the radius of curvature and its thickness with the Programmable Parameter Run in VirtualLab Fusion.

Programming a Sinusoidal Surface

In this document you can find an example for the Programmable Interface. Although the sinusoidal surface is provided ready-made in the catalog, we show you how to code it for illustration purposes.

Programming a Sinusoidal Volume Grating

In this example, the generation of sinusoidal volume grating is demonstrated, with the grating period and the refractive index modulation as user-defined parameters.

Programming a Spectral Band Filter

This document shows a customizable spectral band filter in a system with a Gaussian pulse with a homogeneous spectrum.

Programming a Truncated Cone Surface

A truncated cone structure is generated using the Programmable Interface, with its specifications (height, top/base diameter) as user-defined parameters.

Programming an Anamorphic Surface

Using the Programmable Interface in VirtualLab Fusion, an anamorphic surface is programmed and especially with the surface gradient analytically given.

Programming an Axicon Transmission Function

In this programming example we illustrate how to use the Programmable Function in VirtualLab to create a custom idealised component that performs like an axicon.

Programming of a Module for Executing an IFTA Design

This example shows how to use a customized C# module to execute an IFTA design in VirtualLab Fusion.

Programming Radially & Azimuthally Polarized Sources

See how to create a radially and an azimuthally polarized source, experimenting in the process with the programming of light sources and the potential of the Combined Light Source feature.

Pulse Broadening in Dispersive Media

We investigate the relationship between the broadening of an ultrashort pulse and the dispersion of given materials that the pulse propagates through.

Pulse Focusing with High-NA Lens

We investigate the effects of subjecting an ultra-short pulse to propagation through a lens with high numerical aperture, in terms of its spatial, as well as of its temporal, profile.

Resolution Investigation for Microscope Objective Lenses by Rayleigh Criterion

Following the Rayleigh criterion, we investigate the resolution of three microscope objective lenses with different numerical apertures.

Resolving Sodium Doublet by Using a Czerny-Turner Setup

A physical-optics-based simulation of Czerny-Turner setup consisting of parabolic mirrors and blazed grating for Sodium doublet examination, is investigated.

Rigorous Analysis and Design of Anti-Reflective Moth-Eye Structures

With the Fourier modal method and the parametric optimization in VirtualLab Fusion, we demonstrate the analysis and design of anti-reflective moth-eye structures.

Rigorous Analysis of Nanopillar Metasurface Building Block

With the rigorous Fourier modal method (FMM), we analyze the effects, especially the phase modulation, of nanopillar structures with varying diameters - the building blocks of metalenses.

Rigorous Simulation of Holographic Generated Volume Grating

A holographic volume grating is analyzed by using the Fourier modal method. Both the spectral and angular properties are presented.

Scanning Mode of Parameter Run

The scanning mode of the Parameter Run document generates a simulation serie of all combinations of specified parameter variations and provides specifically suited output options.

Shaping of White Light by Using Prism / Grating / Mirror Cells Arrays

Design of different types of cells arrays, which are used behind white light LED for generating customized patterns, are presented.

Simulation of Laser Beam in Focal Region of High-NA Asphere

When a linearly polarized beam is focused by a high-NA lens, the focal spot shows asymmetry due to the relatively strong Ez component.

Simulation of Light Diffraction at Pixels of a Spatial Light Modulator

When SLMs are often employed as programmable diffractive optical elements, the influence from the pixel gaps on the system performance is investigated.

Simulation of Waveguide with a Complex 2D Exit Pupil Expansion

A complex 2D exit pupil expander, which consist of both idealized and real gratings, is constructed and modeled, and the uniformity at the waveguide exit plane is presented.

Source Code Editor

For optical elements, which cannot be found in the catalogs of VirtualLab Fusion, users are able to create them by using programmable objects, e.g., programmable source, interface, medium and detector. The programming language is C#. The source code editors is the most important structure of all programmable objects. This use case introduces the general structure of the source code editor.

Specification of Diffraction Efficiencies for Grating Regions

In modern optical systems gratings often appear edged into or deposited onto other elements. Here we cover how to characterise their efficiencies rigorously or by inputting the values ad hoc.

Specification of Diffraction Orders for Grating Regions

The waveguide component allow to define an arbitrary set of grating regions per surface. Per grating region several parameters can be defined. The user can specify a set of selected orders for each grating region.

Stokes Parameters Measurement behind a Tilted Polarizer

By using an idealized non-paraxial polarizer model, the interaction of a polarizer with incident wave from different angles is investigated, and the results are characterized by Stokes parameters.

Stress-induced Birefringence in Laser Crystals

The stress-induced birefringence in a YAG crystal is investigated, by examining the change of output field with respect to the strength of stresses.

Structure Design

In VirtualLab Fusion the user can design phase functions, which works as beam shaper, beam splitter and diffuser. This use case shows the usage of the structure design tool, which can be used to convert the phase function into a height profile.

System Analysis with Sequential and Non-Sequential Field Tracing

VirtualLab Fusion enables the user to build up an optical system once and analyze it with different tracing techniques. This use case demonstrates how the non-sequential analysis of your setup can be performed.

Tailored Light Outcoupling from Glass Plate with Arbitrarily Shaped Apertures

With the region concept in VirtualLab Fusion, apertures with arbitrary shapes can be defined flexibly. Situations with fully and partially illuminated apertures are shown.

The Programmable Component

VirtualLab Fusion supports various possibilities for customization. This use case shows how to specify arbitrary effects to equidistant or non-equidistant field data as an optical component within optical systems.

Tight Focusing of Variously Polarized Beams by an Aplanatic Lens

The aplanatic lens model in VirtualLab Fusion provides an easy way to analyze the focusing effects of variously polarized vectorial fields with apertures in different shapes.

Tolerance Analysis of a Fiber Coupling Setup

In a fiber coupling optical setup, the coupling efficiency is analyzed with respect to tolerance factors like the shift of fiber end position and the tilt of lens.

Ultra-Sparse Dielectric Nano-Wire Grid Polarizers

The polarization-dependent properties of ultra-sparse dielectric nanowire grids are analyzed by using the Fourier modal method (FMM, also known as RCWA).

Uniformity Detector in the Waveguide Toolbox

In the advanced imaging system, when the exit pupils are repeated, uniformity of the energy of these exit pupils is an important merit function to evaluate the quality of the optical system. This use case shows how to use the uniformity detector.

Usage of Camera Detector

The Camera Detector constitutes one of the most fundamental detectors in VirtualLab Fusion. Keep reading for an in-depth description of how to configure and use this detector in simulations.

Usage of Debye-Wolf Integral Calculator

The Debye-Wolf integral calculator in VirtualLab Fusion computes the vectorial field near focus based on an idealized model, when the exact specifications of the objective lens are not known.

Usage of Distortion Analyzer

VirtualLab Fusion provides an analyzer for the distortion of an optical system that yields the standard representation of distortion versus angle.

Usage of Field Curvature Analyzer

In VirtualLab Fusion, the field curvature of a lens component can be analyzed precisely, with the field curvature analyzer used. This use case shows how to set up the parameters in the field curvature analyzer.

Usage of Focal Length Analyzer

The focal length is an important parameter to evaluate an imaging system. By using the Focal Length Analyzer, the effective and back focal length of optical components can be obtained and used with parametric optimization.

Usage of PSF & MTF Detector

Point spread function (PSF) and modulation transfer function (MTF) are important optical quantities to evaluate the quality of an imaging system. In VirtualLab Fusion, PSF and MTF for an imaging system can be calculated fast and accurately.

Usage of the Parameter Run Document

Using the Parameter Run in VirtualLab Fusion, one can specify the varying range of selected parameters flexibly, so as to perform system analysis, e.g. tolerancing.

Wave Aberration Detectors

In lens design, the aberration information in the lens system is important for the optimization process. In VirtualLab Fusion, detectors for different kinds of wave aberration representation are provided.

Wavefront Error Detector

Wavefront error is defined as the difference between the reference wavefront phase, which is a constant phase or spherical phase, and the detected wavefront phase of one optical system. This use case shows how to handle a wavefront error detector in VirtualLab Fusion.

White-Light Michelson Interferometer

A Michelson interferometer with a Xenon lamp source is modeled with the spectral property, i.e. limited coherence length, of the source fully considered.

Working Principle Demonstration of the Dot Projector with Physical Optics Modeling

As a demonstration, this Use Case shows the working principle of a typical optical system of the dot projector, including the physical optics modeling of the VCSEL array source, the lens and the beam splitter.

Talks

A k-domain method for fast propagation of electromagnetic fields through graded-index media

In this work we offer a method for the fast calculation of fields propagating through Graded-index media.

A k-domain method for fast propagation of electromagnetic fields through graded-index media

In this work we offer a k-domain-based method for the fast calculation of fields propagating through GRIN media.

A physical-optics based concept for geometric and diffractive light shaping

We therefore introduce the concept of geometric and diffractive zones of fields. We describe and demonstrate design techniques for different applications of light shaping, including smooth and micro-structured surfaces, for different types of sources.

Challenges and Solutions in the Design of Lightguides for XR Glasses

The application of a lightguide in combination with grating regions is definitely a good candidate and we will discuss the concept, challenges and our current strategies to deal with them.

Connection of Field Solvers: Microstructures and Lenses

In this work, we present the connection of the two specific solvers mentioned above in the context of a field-tracing approach. We apply it to the simulation of a system for inspection of diffractive optical elements, e.g. gratings, with a high-numerical-aperture microscope.

Design and Optimization Strategy of Coupling Gratings for Near-Eye Displays

Lightguide-based near-eye display devices are drawing much interest recently, and one of the key technologies of such devices are coupling gratings for the planar lightguide.

Fast physical-optics modeling of microscopy system with structured illumination

The Local Plane Interface Approximation (LPIA) algorithm, a free space propagation algorithm and the Fourier Modal Method (FMM) are all combined. We analyse the homogeneity of the spot-like illumination interference pattern at the focal plane, which should be accounted for in image processing.

Fast propagation of electromagnetic fields in graded-index (GRIN) media

Graded-index (GRIN) media are widely used for different situations. Modelling electromagnetic field propagation in GRIN media is of high importance for optical simulation and design. Based on the concept of fast physical optics, we develop a theory to efficiently propagate the field in GRIN media, including the effect of polarization cross-talk.

Fast propagation of electromagnetic fields in graded-index media

Graded-index (GRIN) media are widely used for different situations. Modelling electromagnetic field propagation in GRIN media is of high importance for optical simulation and design. Based on the concept of fast physical optics, we develop a theory to efficiently propagate the field in GRIN media, including the effect of polarization cross-talk.

Fast-Physical Optics Modeling of Advanced Microscopy Systems

In addition to the early-stage microscopy setups, those advanced microscopy in modern optics are often designed with more physical-optics principles involved and they are used for the investigation of more complicated effects/phenomena.

Fast-physical optics modeling of two-photon microscopy with 3D-structured illumination

We perform a fast-physical optics modeling of two-photon microscopy with 3D-structured illumination.

How the design concepts of high-NA beam splitters & diffusers, as well as of beam shapers by freeform surfaces, are related

In particular, we show how various techniques are related to each other and how they can be used to improve maximum efficiency, uniformity of the intensity distribution and to minimize the zeroth order for non-paraxial illumination by laser beams.

Innovative Systematic Design Approach for Lightguide Devices for XR-Applications

For applications in the field of XR, devices based on light guiding are one beneficial approach to combine the virtual image with the light impinging from the real-world environment.

Laser System Modeling with Fast Physical Optics

We emphasize on highly efficient solutions to Maxwell’s equations, based on 1) the paradigm shift of switching the main modeling domain from space to spatial frequency domain; 2) innovative Fourier transform concepts that minimize the field sampling parameters. We will present simulations of several typical modern laser systems based on fast physical optics modeling.

Modeling and Design of Gratings, Diffusers, DOEs, Diffractive and Metalenses

After a brief introduction of the fast physical optics technology we demonstrate various examples from different fields of application.

Modelling of Diffractive/Meta-Lenses Using Fast Physical Optics

The growing importance of diffractive and meta-lenses in modern optical systems makes it vital to investigate and understand their capabilities. They play an important role in various applications like imaging systems, laser-beam shaping, bio/medical-optics, etc.

Non-paraxial Diffractive and Refractive Laser Beam Shaping

We discuss the implications of the modeling and the design of diffractive and refractive freeform surfaces in non-paraxial regions of the fields to shape the profile of a laser beam in its far field, its focus or any other region.

Non-Sequential Optical Modeling with VirtualLab Fusion

VirtualLab Fusion provides different approaches for non-sequential simulations through the entirety or part of an optical system. In non-sequential simulations with both ray and field tracing the user can control which light-propagation paths are to be considered.

Numerical Analysis of Tightly Focused Spot for Confocal Microscopy Illumination by a Real Lens System

Confocal microscopy is widely used in both materials science and life sciences. It has good imaging performance due to the filtering of background noise. In this work, we perform the physical-optics modeling of the real condenser lens system with inclusion of full vectorial effects.

Numerical Implementation of the Homeomorphic Fourier Transform and its Application to Physical-Optics Modeling

We present the theoretical derivation and the numerical implementation. We illustrate its potential with examples.

On the Importance of Homeomorphic Operations in Physical and Geometrical Optics

Physical-optics system modeling can be performed by connecting different rigorous and approximated field solvers, which are selected to efficiently solve Maxwell’s equations in the individual mathematical regions into which a system can be torn.

Optical design of beam delivery systems for cw and pulsed lasers

In this talk the modeling of systems for femtosecond pulses is presented, including pulse compression and stretching by grating pairs, focusing by low and high NA systems, walk-off effects and second-harmonic generation (SHG) modeling.

Optical design of diffractive and freeform solutions for light shaping with VirtualLab Fusion

VirtualLab Fusion supports light shapping by freeform surfaces, diffractive beam splitters and pattern generators, diffusers, and general arrays of micro-optical components, including, but not limited to, micro-lens arrays.

Optimization of Coupling Gratings for Lightguide-Based Displays

In this work, we start with the optimization of coupling gratings for a single incident direction and analyze the effect when such optimized gratings are used in different situations.

Physical-Optical Analysis of Lightguide Coupling Setup and Systematic Design Strategy

Lightguide structures are widely applied in different applications, and, nowadays, the are drawing special interest in the field of near-to-eye display systems. Such systems are typically realized with either planar or curved lightguides together with gratings for coupling light out of or into the lightguides.

Physical-Optics Analysis of Lightguides for AR & MR Glasses

Lightguides in combination with gratings seem to be a promising candidate for the development of AR/MR glasses.

Physical-Optics Analysis of Lightguides for Augmented and Mixed Reality Glasses

Lightguides in combination with gratings seem to be a promising candidate for the development of AR/MR glasses. The design and the modeling of such lightguides is very different to lens design and requires new techniques in modeling.

Physical-Optics Analysis of Optical Interferometers

Interferometer-based optical setups play an important role in modern optical metrology for different applications.

Physical-Optics Anatomy of the Gouy Phase Shift

We obtain a physical-optics solution which reveals, in an isolated manner, all the effects which we know must appear, and dispel the geometrical-phyisical optics dichotomy in our understanding of the Gouy phase.

Physical-Optics Investigation of Light Coupling into Fiber and Micro-Optical Sensors

In this work, we investigate the coupling of electromagnetic fields into fiber and similar micro-optics structures, and especially, we perform tolerance analysis of given system with respect to shift and tilt of the fiber and micro-optical sensors.

Physical-optics modeling for optical components made of birefringent materials

In modern optics, a huge variety of components with specific purposes made from different materials are employed. Birefringent materials are often used for manipulating light in difference aspects. Especially, by analysis in the spatial frequency domain, the effect from birefringence can be clearly revealed and, based on that, we develop a fast numerical algorithm to model light propagation through such components.

Physical-optics modeling of diffractive/meta-lenses and their design

A diffractive or meta-lens can be modeled as local structures (e.g. local gratings) on a base interface. The rigorous Fourier modal method (FMM) is applied for the local micro-/nanostructures; then the phase modulations at each position can be collected to model the lens function.

Physical-Optics Modelling of Interferometer-Based Metrology Systems

Interferometer-based optical setups play an important role in modern optical metrology for different applications.

Physical-optics simulation of optical interferometry systems

Modern interferometer-based optical-metrology technologies play an important role in many applications, and often consist of multi-disciplinary components. We present a physical-optics- based simulation approach.

Physical-Optics-Based Tolerance Analysis for Fiber Coupling Systems

Optical fibers are widely used for collecting and monitoring light signals in modern optical metrology systems. The use of fibers helps reduce the size of optical system and makes the interconnection between systems convenient.

Polarization Effects Modeling with Field Tracing

Optical fibers are widely used for collecting and monitoring light signals in modern optical metrology systems. The use of fibers helps reduce the size of optical system and makes the interconnection between systems convenient.

Semi-analytical Fourier transform and its application to physical-optics modelling

The Fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm constitutes the backbone for fast physical optics modelling. In this talk we present the theory of the semi-analytical FFT alongside several examples to demonstrate the great potential of this approach.

Systematic Design Concept for AR&MR Lightguide Devices

Numerous parameters must be considered in order to design a functional AR/MR device which provides sufficient image quality and optical performance.

Systematic Optimization of a Lightguide Coupling Setup

Gratings for coupling light into or out of lightguides for near-to-eye display systems are optimized regarding the angular dependency of the field of view.

Tailored Laser Beam Shaping by Freeform and Diffractive Optics

In this talk we will discuss the modeling and design of laser systems along applications like beam delivery and scanning, speaking also about the peculiarities of including gratings, etalons, graded-index media and crystals in said systems.

The concept of bidirectional operators and its application to the modeling of microstructures

The well-established ray-tracing concept of Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Function, used traditionally to model the scattering of rays at micro-structured surfaces, serves as the inspiration for what we have called “bidirectional”, or B, operators: a physical-optics generalization that refers not only to the modelling of surface scattering, but of any component in an optical system.

The Gouy Phase Shift Reinterpreted Via the Geometric Fourier Transform

Geometrical and physical optics tend to be presented as completely separate from each other, the links between the two tenuously acknowledged at best. However, when they are viewed for what they are it is evident that not only are they not separate, but that in fact the two types of behaviours very often coexist within the same system.

VirtualLab Fusion Documentation

Administrator's Manual

This document describes how VirtualLab Fusion is installed and how it can be updated. Questions which might occur during installation are being answered.

Release Notes

VirtualLab Fusion 2nd Generation Technology Update (Build 7.5.0.158)

User's Manual

In this document you will get a deep introduction into VirtualLab Fusion.

Webinars

Analysis and design of coupling systems for single-mode fibers

We will explore the possibilities of solving fiber coupling tasks, and learn about the typical workflows in VirtualLab Fusion.

Non Sequential Physical Optics

In this webinar, we show how to enable non-sequential tracing in VirtualLab and application use cases, which get large benefits from it.

White Papers

VirtualLab Fusion Technologies — Collection of Research Papers

With this document we would like to provide you with a compact overview of VirtualLab Fusion’s theoretical and technological background, in connection with references for a more in-depth study.

  • White Paper (PDF)pdf13.07.2018

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