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Demos

7x7 Beam Splitter in 2f Setup with a VCSEL Source

Physical optics enables the access to any kind of light information in the desired image plane.

Auto Saving Programmable Detector with Coupled File Name

This Demo shows how to use a programmable detector, which can save the simulation result with interested parameter information include in the file name.

Bitmap File Import into VirtualLab Fusion

In this demo we show how to import bitmap files into VirtualLab Fusion.

Calculation of Diffraction Efficiency for a Reflective Volume Holographic Grating generated by a Spherical Wave

Demo the diffraction efficiency of a volume holographic grating is investigated, which was generated by an impinging spherical and plane wave.

Chirped Mirror for Ultrashort Pulses

In this demo we will show how to import measured chirped mirror data.

Circularly Serrated Aperture for Beam Apodization

In this demo, we introduce a serrated beam apodizer.

Crosstalk between Two Closely Placed Planar Waveguides

We will vary the separation between two fibers and simulate the electromagnetic field behavior on the x-z plane within the computational region.

Design and Analysis of a 3x3 Beam Splitter

A phase-only transmission function is designed using the iterative Fourier transform algorithm. As an additional step, a phase-only transmission is designed without any phase dislocations.

Design and Analysis of Intraocular Diffractive Lens with Curved Surface

In this example, we demonstrated how to model an intraocular lens system using a conical diffractive lens.

Design of a Beam Widening DOE

This demonstration shows the design of a DOE to widen a gausian into a top-hat shape.

Diffractive Lightguide In- and Outcouple Situation using Surface and Volume Gratings

We simulate a lightguide outcouple efficiency using a slanted outcouple grating and an ideal or binary incouple grating.

Focusing Through a Luneburg Lens

In this demo we demonstrate a propagation of a Plane Wave through a Luneburg lens.

Focussing through a Luneburg Lens with a Tilted Plane Wave

In this Use Case we demonstrate a propagation of a Plane Wave through a Luneburg lens.

Fourier Transforms in Immersion Objective System

In this demo, we illustrate the Fourier Transforms in an immersion objective system by using stratified media component.

Gratings in Complex Optical Systems

The microstructures are analyzed rigorously in order to calculate accurate diffraction efficiencies for structure sizes in the range of the used wavelength.

Higher Modes in Laser Resonators

This demonstration shows the capabilities of VirtualLab Fusion to calculate higher resonator modes together with their corresponding Eigenvalues.

Import of GRIN Medium from Zemax OpticStudio®

In this demonstration we show how to import GRIN-Media which are defined after “Gradient 5”-Shema in Zemax OpticStudio®.

Import of Measured Lens Surface Data

In this demo, we show how to import measured lens surface data to VirtualLab Fusion.

Import of Non-equidistantly Sampled Interface Data

This demonstration shows a tool to import nonequidistant sampled surface that are given through lists in a .csv-file.

Import of Precalculated Diffraction Efficiencies

This Demo shows how to use precalculated efficiency to define a grating in VirtualLab Fusion.

Importing BSDF data into VirtualLab Fusion

In this demo, we illustrate the workflow of how to import the BSDF measurement data into VirtualLab Fusion.

Lens with Modulated Refractive Index

In this Demo we modeled the light propagation through lenses with a modulated refractive index.

Lightguide with 2D-periodic Grating Structures

In this demo a lightguide system is modeled, that uses 2D-periodic grating structures, which is based on the approach from Patent WO2018/178626.

Modeling of a Metalens Singlet Based on Half-Wave Plate Model

Such metalenses are sensitive to the polarization of the input field and in this example we demonstrate the polarization behavior.

Modeling of Pulse Chirp introduced by an Optical Component

This demonstration shows the possibility in VirtualLab Fusion to include measured GDD-Data to control the shape of a pulse.

Modeling of Talbot Effect

In this example, with the help of the automatic propagation technology in VirtualLab Fusion, we demonstrate the Talbot effect, and with the help of Parameter Run, we visualize the Talbot carpet pattern.

Moiré Fringes Generation

In this Demo we seek to model the Moiré pattern in an optical setup.

Overview Lateral Distributed Sources in VirtualLab Fusion

In the Panel Type Source a uniform grid can be defined, where each point emits a spherical wave. Exemplarily, a uniform grid and a Gaussian profile is shown.

Propagation over Long Distances

This demonstrations shows the propagation of a gaussian beam for a distance of 10 km.

Propagation through Uneven Pinhole

This demonstration shows the propagation of a field through an uneven pinhole.

Pulse Train Generator

In this setup we want to demonstrate a pulse train source that generates pulse trains by constructing a corresponding spectrum (frequency comb).

Reflection at a Retro Reflector with Rough Surfaces

This demonstration simulates a retro reflector with rough surfaces.

Reflection at a Rough Surface

This demonstration shows the reflection of a field on a rough surface.

RGB Diffuser using Lightguide Approach

In this demo we show how to design a diffuser for distinct target pattern for each of the RGB wavelengths. Furthermore, we will generate a Lightguide setup for guiding and separated outcoupling of the RGB modes.

Sagnac Interferometer

In this Demo we seek to simulate the interference pattern in a Sagnac interferometer setup.

Statistical Anti-reflection Structures (Moth-Eye)

In this demo we will model the moth-eye structure by a random (statistical) distribution of cones. For this purpose, the Random Cone Interface is used.

Product Sheets

Cross-Platform Simulation with VirtualLab Fusion

VirtualLab Fusion can run in batch mode and thus enable cross-platform simulations when used alongside other software tools.

Design of Fiber Coupling Systems and Tolerance Analysis

How to couple light into optical fibers with high efficiency is of great concern for many applications, e.g., in telecommunication, remote sensing, and lasers.

Design of Gratings and Their Modeling within Optical Systems

Gratings are important in modern optics. Subwave- and Metastructures require vectorial electromagnetic methods. VirtualLab Fusion provides full solutions.

Diffractive Lenses and Holographic Optical Elements (HOEs)

VirtualLab Fusion provides a complete workflow for diffractive-lens and HOE design.

DOEs and Diffusers for Light Shaping

The summer release 2019 of VirtualLab Fusion enables their inclusion in systems and therefore the evaluation of overall performance.

Lightguide Devices for AR & VR Applications

The VirtualLab AR & VR Solution Package is the only commercially available single-platform software that provides physical-optics modeling of AR & VR lightguides.

Metalens and Metasurface Holograms

Metalenses and metasurfaces have risen to scientific fame by virtue of their unique properties for manipulation of electromagnetic fields, and nowadays their fabrication has become feasible.

Modeling of Optical Interferometers

Modern interferometers often consist of light sources with various coherence properties, and different components. VirtualLab Fusion is a unified platform for the modeling of such complex systems based on physical optics and with a user-friendly interface.

Talks

A K-Domain Method for Fast Propagation of Electromagnetic Field Through Graded-Index Media

In this work we discuss a rigorous k-domain (spatial frequency domain) method for fast calculation of electromagnetic fields propagating through GRIN media.

A Physical-Optics Based Concept for Geometric and Diffractive Light Shaping

We introduce the concept of geometric and diffractive zones of fields and demonstrate design techniques for different applications of light shaping.

Challenges and Solutions in the Design of Lightguides for XR Glasses

A lightguide in combination with grating regions is definitely a good candidate and we will discuss the concept and our current strategies to deal with them.

Connection of Field Solvers: Microstructures and Lenses

We present the connection of the two specific solvers mentioned above in the context of a field-tracing approach.

Design and Analysis of Large-Angle Beam-Splitting Metagratings

Metasurfaces that are composed of nanopillars with high refractive indices have great potential in different applications. e.g. the LiDAR systems

Design and Optimization Strategy of Coupling Gratings for Near-Eye Displays

Lightguide-based near-eye display devices are drawing much interest recently, and one of the key technologies are coupling gratings for the planar lightguide.

Diffractive and Metasurfaces: from Function to Structure Simulation Seamlessly in VirtualLab Fusion

VirtualLab Fusion, unlike most other optical simulation software, enables the complete workflow within a single software platform in a seamless manner.

Fast Physical-Optics Modeling of Microscopy System with Structured Illumination

The Local Plane Interface Approximation (LPIA) algorithm, a free space propagation algorithm and the Fourier Modal Method (FMM) are all combined.

Fast Propagation of Electromagnetic Fields in Graded-Index Media

Based on the concept of fast physical optics, we develop a theory to efficiently propagate the field in GRIN media, including the effect of polarization cross-talk.

Fast-Physical Optics Modeling of Advanced Microscopy Systems

Advanced microscopy is often designed with physical-optics principles involved and they are used for the investigation of more complicated effects/phenomena.

    Fast-Physical Optics Modeling of Two-Photon Microscopy with 3D-Structured Illumination

    We perform a fast-physical optics modeling of two-photon microscopy with 3D-structured illumination.

    Innovative Systematic Design Approach for Lightguide Devices for XR-Applications

    For applications in the field of XR, devices based on light guiding are to combine the virtual image with the light impinging from the real-world environment.

    Our Product: the fast physcial optics software VirtualLab Fusion.
    Insights into Physical Optics with VirtualLab Fusion for Optics Education

    We demonstrate several classical physical optics effects: diffraction from slits, Talbot effect, Arago spot, Michelson/Mach-Zehnder/Young’s interferometers ...

    Laser System Modeling with Fast Physical Optics

    We emphasize on highly efficient solutions to Maxwell’s equations, based on 1) the paradigm shift of switching the main modeling domain from space to spatial frequency domain; 2) innovative Fourier transform concepts that minimize the field sampling parameters. We will present simulations of several typical modern laser systems based on fast physical optics modeling.

    Light Shaping from a Physical-Optics Perspective

    Traditionally, ray- and physical-optics approaches are separated in optical modeling and design. We present a unified modeling theory which is fully based on physical optics, but which also enables a seamless transition into the geometrical branch of physical optics where mathematically justified. This theory is applied to the modeling and design of light shaping systems. We show how established design techniques can be understood as particular cases of the unified theory. The unified concept provides flexible design approaches which combine the best of known techniques and even go beyond them.

    Light Shaping From a Physical-Optics Point of View

    In this work, the field tracing tech niques for modeling light-shaping systems are presented, which reveals the optical element resulted from those geometric-base algorithm is not always accurate enough for the design task.

    Modeling and Design of Gratings, Diffusers, DOEs, Diffractive and Metalenses

    After a brief introduction of the fast physical optics technology we demonstrate various examples from different fields of application.

    Modeling of Diffractive-/Metasurfaces and their Performance Evaluations in General Optical System

    We present a physical-optics-based approach to deal with the modeling of the whole diffractive-/metasurfaces.

    Modeling of High Contrast Metasurfaces in VirtualLab Fusion

    A physical-optics-based approach to deal with the modeling of metasurfaces, with a locally extended rigorous analysis of several unit cells...

    Modelling of Diffractive/Meta-Lenses Using Fast Physical Optics

    Diffractive and meta-lenses in optical systems play an important role in various applications like imaging systems, laser-beam shaping, bio/medical-optics, etc.

    Non-paraxial Diffractive and Refractive Laser Beam Shaping

    We discuss the implications of the optical design of diffractive and refractive freeform surfaces in non-paraxial regions of the fields.

    Non-Sequential Optical Modeling with VirtualLab Fusion

    In non-sequential simulations with ray and field tracing the user can control which light-propagation paths are to be considered.

    Numerical Analysis of Tightly Focused Spot for Confocal Microscopy Illumination by a Real Lens System

    Confocal microscopy has good imaging performance. We perform the physical-optics modeling of the real condenser lens system with full vectorial effects.

    Numerical Implementation of Homeomorphic Fourier Transform

    We present the theoretical derivation and the numerical implementation. We illustrate its potential with examples.

    On the Importance of Homeomorphic Operations in Physical and Geometrical Optics

    Physical-optics system modeling can be performed by connecting different field solvers, which are selected to efficiently solve Maxwell’s equations...

    Optical Design of Beam Delivery Systems for Cw and Pulsed Lasers

    In this talk the modeling of systems for femtosecond pulses is presented, including pulse compression and stretching by grating pairs...

    Optical Design of Diffractive and Freeform Solutions for Light Shaping with VirtualLab Fusion

    VirtualLab Fusion supports light shapping by freeform surfaces, diffractive beam splitters and general arrays of micro-optical components...

    Optimization of Coupling Gratings for Lightguide-Based Displays

    In this work, we start with the optimization of coupling gratings for a single incident direction and analyze the effect when such optimized gratings are used in different situations.

    Physical-Optical Analysis of Lightguide Coupling Setup and Systematic Design Strategy

    Lightguide structures are widely applied in different applications, and, nowadays, the are drawing special interest in the field of near-to-eye display systems. Such systems are typically realized with either planar or curved lightguides together with gratings for coupling light out of or into the lightguides.

    Physical-Optics Analysis of Lightguides for Augmented and Mixed Reality Glasses

    Though ray tracing gives insight also in the case of lightguides. VirtualLab Fusion we provide such a modeling approach for AR/MR, FOV.

    Physical-Optics Analysis of Optical Interferometers

    Based on interferometers, optical setups play an important role in modern optical metrology for different applications and various tasks.

    Physical-Optics Anatomy of the Gouy Phase Shift

    We obtain a physical-optics solution which reveals, in an isolated manner, all the effects which we know must appear, and dispel the geometrical-phyisical optics dichotomy in our understanding of the Gouy phase.

    Physical-Optics Investigation of Light Coupling into Fiber and Micro-Optical Sensors

    In this work, we investigate the coupling of electromagnetic fields into fiber and similar micro-optics structures, and especially, we perform tolerance analysis of given system with respect to shift and tilt of the fiber and micro-optical sensors.

    Physical-Optics Modeling for Optical Components Made of Birefringent Materials

    In modern optics, a huge variety of components with specific purposes made from different materials are employed. Birefringent materials are often used for manipulating light in difference aspects. Especially, by analysis in the spatial frequency domain, the effect from birefringence can be clearly revealed and, based on that, we develop a fast numerical algorithm to model light propagation through such components.

    Physical-Optics Modeling of Diffractive/Meta-Lenses and Their Design

    A diffractive or meta-lens can be modeled as local structures (e.g. local gratings) on a base interface. The rigorous Fourier modal method (FMM) is applied for the local micro-/nanostructures; then the phase modulations at each position can be collected to model the lens function.

    Physical-Optics Modelling of Interferometer-Based Metrology Systems

    Interferometer-based setups play an very important role in modern optical metrology for different tasks.

    Physical-Optics Simulation for Ultrashort Pulses

    With many modern applications requiring or benefitting from high-packaged energy delivered in a very short amount of time, ultrashort pulse sources acquire more and more interest. To focus on such kind of source, proper handling of the spatial and temporal distribution, as well as a possible coupling amongst the two domains is required.

    Physical-Optics Simulation of Optical Interferometry Systems

    Modern interferometer-based optical-metrology technologies play an important role in many applications, and often consist of multi-disciplinary components. We present a physical-optics- based simulation approach.

    Physical-Optics-Based Tolerance Analysis for Fiber Coupling Systems

    Optical fibers are often used to detect and monitor light signals in modern optical Metrology systems. The use of optical fibers helps to reduce the size of the optical system and makes the facilitate interconnection between systems.

    Polarization Effects Modeling with Field Tracing

    Optical fibers are widely used for collecting and monitoring light signals in modern optical metrology systems. The use of fibers helps reduce the size of optical system and makes the interconnection between systems convenient.

    Relation between Design Concepts of High-NA Beam Splitters & Diffusers

    We show how techniques are related to each other and how they can be used to improve maximum efficiency for non-paraxial illumination by laser beams.

    Semi-Analytical Fourier transform and Its Application to Physical-Optics Modeling

    The Fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm constitutes the backbone for fast physical optics modelling. In this talk we present the theory of the semi-analytical FFT alongside several examples to demonstrate the great potential of this approach.

    Simulation and Analysis of high-NA Freeform Surfaces

    We discuss the use of miniaturized freeform surfaces in regular and randomized arrays. Furthermore, the inclusion of diffraction at the edges of the array cells is discussed and demonstrated at the example of a microlens array.

    Spatio-Temporal Simulation of Ultrashort Phenomena in Different Optical Systems

    The modeling of the pulses starts with a temporal Fourier transform which convert the temporal signal into correlated spectral modes, so that the material dispersion effects can be included. Each spectral mode is polarized and therefore vectorial electromagnetic field information can be considered.

    Systematic Design Concept for AR & MR Lightguide Devices

    Numerous parameters must be considered in order to design a functional AR/MR device which provides sufficient image quality and optical performance.

    Systematic Optimization of a Lightguide Coupling Setup

    Gratings for coupling light into or out of lightguides for near-to-eye display systems are optimized regarding the angular dependency of the field of view.

    Tailored Laser Beam Shaping by Freeform and Diffractive Optics

    In this talk we will discuss the modeling and design of laser systems along applications like beam delivery and scanning, speaking also about the peculiarities of including gratings, etalons, graded-index media and crystals in said systems.

    The Concept of Bidirectional Operators and Its Application to the Modeling of Microstructures

    The well-established ray-tracing concept of Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Function, used traditionally to model the scattering of rays at micro-structured surfaces, serves as the inspiration for what we have called “bidirectional”, or B, operators: a physical-optics generalization that refers not only to the modelling of surface scattering, but of any component in an optical system.

    The Gouy Phase Shift Reinterpreted Via the Geometric Fourier Transform

    Geometrical and physical optics tend to be presented as completely separate from each other, the links between the two tenuously acknowledged at best. However, when they are viewed for what they are it is evident that not only are they not separate, but that in fact the two types of behaviours very often coexist within the same system.

    Technology Whitepapers

    Connecting Solvers by Master Channels

    VirtualLab Fusion enables fast physical-optics system modeling by connecting different solvers instead of applying one universal solver to the entire system.

    Field Tracing Accuracy Settings

    The numerical accuracy of physical optics simulations is controlled by the numerical parameters of each solver, the sampling accuracy of the fields...

    FMM / RCWA [S-Matrix]

    The FMM/RCWA solver consists of an eigenmode solver for each periodically modulated layer and an S-matrix, in the spatial frequency domain (k domain).

    Fourier Transforms in VirtualLab Fusion

    VirtualLab Fusion provides fast physical-optics modeling by connecting different field solvers.

    Fresnel Matrix

    The Fresnel matrix solver consists of an eigenmode solver for the homogeneous media on both sides of the interface and matching of the boundary conditions.

    Generation of Rays for Ray Tracing

    In ray tracing for lens systems the rays are originated in the object points and the specific selection is often done with respect to the stop...

    High Flexibility by Sub-Channels (x-Domain)

    We have started to enable the optional decomposition of a master region into subregions in x-domain which form the entrance to subchannels.

    Idealized Grating Functions

    The idealized grating function works without any information about the actual shape of the grating structure.

    Idealized Lens Functions

    The idealized lens functions works without the knowledge about actual lens surfaces and material.

    Layer Matrix [S-Matrix]

    The layer matrix solver consists of an eigenmode solver for each homogeneous layer and an S-matrix for matching the boundary conditions at all the interfaces.

    Local Linear Grating Approximation (LLGA)

    The LLGA solver assumes local plane wave and local linear grating interactions (x domain), using either the FMM/RCWA or TEA for the grating analysis.

    Local Plane Interface Approximation (LPIA)

    A LPIA solver works in the spatial domain with an approximate local boundary condition, that assumes a local plane wave interaction with local plane interface.

    Runge-Kutta Beam Propagation Method (RK-BPM) for GRIN Medium

    The RK-BPM solves the electromagnetic field propagation problem in a GRIN medium, by solving two ordinary differential equations simultaneously.

    Seamless Transition from Ray to Physical Optics

    We, the developers of VirtualLab Fusion, do not understand ray and physical optics as two disjunct modeling techniques between which the user must select...

    Step-by-Step Field Tracing by Modeling Analyzer

    Physical-optics modeling in VirtualLab Fusion is initialized by the light path finder algorithm, which searches for all possible light paths through the system...

    Truncation of Fields at Boundaries

    One key technique for fast physical-optics modeling with VirtualLab Fusion is the channel concept which enables connecting solvers.

    Use Cases

    Advanced Configuration of Slanted Gratings

    Coated slanted gratings can be configured easily within VirtualLab. This use case explains the available options for the customization of slanted gratings.

    Advanced PSF & MTF Calculation for System with Rectangular Aperture

    By placing a rotated rectangular aperture behind input fields with different sizes, the PSF and MTF in the focal plane are investigated.

    Advanced PSF and MTF Calculation of Imaging System

    An imaging system consisting of a collimation objective and human eye is modeled, and by changing the illumination conditions, the cases with fully and partially illuminated apertures are investigated.

    Advanced PSF Calculation in a High-NA Lens System

    When a linearly polarized Gaussian beam is focused by a high-NA aspheric lens, the PSF in focal plane shows asymmetry due to vectorial effects.

    Advanced Simulation of Microlens Arrays

    This use case explains the configuration and usage of the Microlens Array component in VirtualLab Fusion.

    Analysis and Design of Afocal Systems for Laser Guide Stars

    Within VirtualLab Fusion, we demonstrate the analyze afocal systems for the generation of laser guide stars, and further optimize the system to control the size of the artificial stars.

    Analysis and Design of Highly Efficient Polarization Independent Transmission Gratings

    We demonstrate how to analyze the polarization-dependent property of binary gratings rigorously, also to optimize the binary structures to obtain polarization-independent high diffraction efficiency.

    Analysis of an Offner System with Non-Sequential Field Tracing

    An Offner system that consists of two concentric spherical mirrors is built up and its imaging property is investigated by using the non-sequential field tracing in VirtualLab.

    Analysis of Blazed Grating by Fourier Modal Method

    The Fourier modal method (FMM) can be used to analyze grating efficiencies rigorously in VirtualLab Fusion.

    Analysis of CMOS Sensors with Microlens Array

    Using the rigorous FMM / RCWA, we simulate CMOS sensor with pixel size equal to or below 2µm, and especially, the effectiveness of the microlenses is investigated.

    Analysis of Folded Imaging System with Multiple Apertures

    For a folded waveguide-based imaging system, the multiple apertures effect, including in- and outcoupling gratings and pupil aperture, is shown to affect the PSF and MTF on image plane.

    Analysis of Folded Imaging System with Planar or Curved Waveguide

    To evaluate the image quality of a near-to-eye display system, it is important to include the influence from the waveguide structure. In this example, both planar and curved waveguide are investigated.

    Analysis of Off-Axis Imaging by a High-NA Microscope

    It is demonstrated that the PSF is distorted due to the aberration caused by off-axis imaging.

    Analysis of PSF of a Dipole Source by a High-NA Microscopy System

    It is demonstrated that the PSFs have different shapes when the orientation of the dipole source changes.

    Analysis of Slanted Gratings for Lightguide Coupling

    Different slanted grating geometries are selected from literature, with varying slant angle, fill factor, and modulation depth, and the diffraction efficiencies are calculated with the Fourier modal method (FMM).

    Analyzing High-NA Objective Lens Focusing

    High-NA objective lenses are widely used in optical lithography, microscopy, etc. Consideration of the vectorial nature of light in the simulation of the focusing is of great importance.

    Angular-Filtering Volume Gratings for Suppressing Higher Diffraction Orders

    We construct an angular-filtering volume grating and apply it in a system to suppress the undesired higher diffraction orders from a beam splitting DOE.

    Animation Generation from Chromatic Fields Sets in Parameter Run

    A very typical detector within VirtualLab Fusion is the camera detector which generates a chromatic fields set. This use case demonstrates how easy it is to convert a set of chromatic fields sets into an animation from a parameter run.

    Application of the Programmable Mode of a Parameter Run

    In VirtualLab, the variation of parameters in an optical system is freely customizable using the programmable mode of the Parameter Run feature. We use a specific example to illustrate the application of this programmable mode.

    Automatic Selection of Fourier Transform Techniques in Free-Space Propagation Operator

    VirtualLab Fusion provides a unified free-space propagation concept in the k-domain, together with automatic selection of proper Fourier transform techniques.

    Automatized Detector Positioning by using Parameter Coupling​

    In this example, we demonstrate how the Parameter Coupling feature of VirtualLab Fusion can be applied in order to automatize the positioning of a detector with respect to other parameters in the system.

    Bessel Beam Generation behind a Fiber with a Holographic Optical Element

    We use a HOE that combines the lens and axicon function to generate Bessel beam from the output of a single-mode fiber.

    Birefringence Effect of Anisotropic Calcite Crystal

    Have a look at the simulation of birefringence in VirtualLab Fusion and investigates the dependence of the effect on input polarization and crystal thickness.

    Channel Configuration for Surfaces and Grating Regions

    With the flexible channel configuration in VirtualLab Fusion, one can easily control the response of any surface and/or region, so to realize the desired modeling schemes.

    Channel Resolution Accuracy Setting of Non-Sequential Field Tracing

    Non-sequential field tracing is done with two steps in VirtualLab Fusion. Firstly, according to an adjustable accuracy factor, the light path through the system is detected. This light path finding can be controlled by the corresponding accuracy factor.

    Chromatic Effect Analysis in Fluorescent Microscopy

    By taking a fluorescent microscope as example, we analyze the chromatic effect for the high-NA objective lens, at the emitting wavelength and illumination wavelength, respectively.

    Circularly Serrated Aperture for Beam Apodization

    Beam apodization plays a key role in the design of high-energy lasers and beam-delivery systems. Thanks to VirtualLab Fusion’s highly customizable environment, a serrated beam apodizer is modeled using a plug-in transmission function.

    Coherence Measurement Using Michelson Interferometer and Fourier Transform Spectroscopy

    It is demonstrated that the fringe contrast in a Michelson interferometer with a light source of certain bandwidth varies when the optical path difference changes.

    Collimation of Astigmatic Diode Laser Beam by Objective Lens

    High-power laser diodes often exhibit asymmetric divergence and astigmatism. Collimation of such a laser diode is investigated with both ray tracing and field tracing.

    Collimation Testing with Shearing Interferometry

    We show how to build up a shearing interferometer for the testing of laser beam collimation. By changing the collimation lens system, we observe the change in the interference fringes.

    Comparison of Different Lenses for Fiber Coupling

    For the task of coupling light into a single-mode fiber, two commercially available lenses are selected, and their performance are evaluated by using the overlap integral.

    Components, Solvers and Fourier Domains – Plane Surface

    Both Fourier domains (space and spatial frequency) can be used as the domain of implementation for solvers in VirtualLab Fusion. We discuss the implications and analyze the plane surface as a special case.

    Configuration of Grating Structures by Using Interfaces

    In VirtualLab Fusion, grating structures are configured in a “stack”, which can be constructed with either a sequence of interfaces or special media, depending on the geometry of the grating. In this use case the configuration of grating structures based on interfaces is explained. 

    Configuration of Grating Structures by Using Special Media

    In the VirtualLab’s Grating Software Package grating structures can be configured by using a stack. In this use case the configuration of grating structures based on media is explained.

    Configuration of Grating Structures with Two-Dimensional Periodicity

    In VirtualLab Fusion, complex 3D grating structures can be configured using stacks. This use case is focused on the configuration of grating structures which exhibit two-dimensional periodicity.

    Conical Refraction in Biaxial Crystals

    The conical refraction from a KGd crystal is demonstrated with the fast-physical-optics simulation technology in VirtualLab Fusion.

    Construction and Modeling of a Graded-Index Lens

    VirtualLab Fusion allows for the specification of a graded-index lens in a very user-friendly way. In addition, such index-modulated lenses can be analyzed by ray tracing as well as by field tracing.

    Construction of a Truncated Pyramid Surface

    This Use Case shows how to construct a pyramid-like surface by using the programmable surface in VirtualLab Fusion.

    Coupling of Parameters in VirtualLab Fusion

    The Parameter Coupling feature of VirtualLab Fusion can be used to link the values of different parameters in an optical setup, which allows the user to establish complex relationships between these parameters. ​

    Creating 1D-Diagrams in VirtualLab Fusion

    In this use case, VirtualLab Fusion’s visualization capability is illustrated. All users with various backgrounds may configure visualization setting on the GUI level.

    Cross-Platform Optical Modeling and Design with VirtualLab Fusion and MATLAB

    We demonstrate how to use MATLAB to access the field solvers in VirtualLab Fusion, and use them together with MATLAB functions for analysis and optimization.

    Cross-Platform Optical Modeling and Design with VirtualLab Fusion and Python

    We demonstrate how to use Python to access the field solvers in VirtualLab Fusion, and use them together with Python functions for further analysis.

    Customizable Help for Programmable Elements

    VirtualLab provides multiple tools to implement your custom sources, components, detectors etc. For documentation of such customized object the snippet help can be used.

    Customized Detector for Lightguide Coupling Grating Evaluation

    We present a customized detector which calculates the grating diffraction efficiencies over a user-defined incident-angle range, and also delivers the mean value and contrast of the efficiencies.

    Customized Module: Grating Period Calculation According to the Guiding Condition of Lightguides

    A module in VirtualLab Fusion is generated to calculate the range of the period of a coupling grating, so as to fulfill the guiding condition of lightguides.

    Czerny-Turner Setup

    A simulation of Czerny-Turner setup based on physical-optics, which comes with parabolic mirrors and blazed grating, is presented.

    Data Array Import with Saved Settings

    Data is often stored in the form of .txt, .csv, .bmp etc. VirtualLab Fusion supports to import these data forms and store them into Data Array. VirtualLab Fusion supports also to save and load the settings of the import for multiple import sessions.

    Demonstrating the Working Principle of Flash LiDAR

    A flash LiDAR system, consisting of array of sources, collimation lens system, and diffractive grating, is constructed and its working principle is shown in both the spatial and the spatial frequency domains.

    Demonstration of Abbe's Theory of Image Formation

    We build up an imaging system, use metal-grid gratings as the test objects, and demonstrate Abbe’s theory on image formation with VirtualLab Fusion.

    Demonstration of van Cittert-Zernike Theorem

    In this document, we investigate the interference of Yong’s double-slit setup with an extended, partially coherent source, and demonstrated the van Cittert-Zernike theorem.

    Design and Analysis of Intraocular Diffractive Lens

    We show how to import an intraocular diffractive lens design from Zemax OpticStudio® into VirtualLab Fusion, model it with the actual binary structure, and optimize the structure height for better performance.

    Design and Rigorous Analysis of Non-Paraxial Diffractive Beam Splitter

    Fourier modal method (FMM) is applied for the rigorous evaluation of non-paraxial diffractive beam splitters, which are initially designed by using IFTA and thin-element approximation.

    Design of 2D Non-Paraxial Beam-Splitting Metagrating

    We design a 2D metagrating for beam splitting. The metagrating is constructed, analyzed, and further optimized in VirtualLab Fusion, especially in terms of the uniformity of the diffraction efficiencies.

    Design of a Diffractive Diffuser to Generate a LightTrans Mark

    Two diffractive diffusers, with continuous or discrete phase, for generating a LightTrans trademark are designed, and their performance is investigated.

    Design of a High-NA Beam Splitter with 24000 Dots Random Pattern

    Designing of high-NA dot-projection system is of great practical use. In this example, a single phase plate for generating a 24,000 dots random pattern is designed.

    Design of a Refractive Beam Shaper to Generate a Circular Top-Hat

    With the user-friendly design tools in VirtualLab, a refractive beam shaper for shaping a fundamental Gaussian beam into top-hat profile is designed and analyzed.

    Design of Diffractive Beam Splitters for Generating a 2D Light Mark

    The iterative Fourier transform algorithm (IFTA) in VirtualLab Fusion enables customized beam splitters design with high efficiency and flexibility.

    Diffraction Efficiency Analysis for a Czerny-Turner Setup

    A physical-optics-based simulation of Czerny-Turner setup, which consists of parabolic mirrors and blazed grating, is presented.

    Diffraction from the Aperture in a Microscopy System

    It is demonstrated that the energy densities at the tube lens and at the image plane are influenced by the diffraction of the aperture in the microscopy system.

    Diffraction Pattern Calculation from a Reflection-Type Diffractive Beam Splitter

    This use case demonstrates how the diffracted pattern changes when the reflection-type beam splitter (designed for normal incidence) rotates.

    Diffraction Patterns behind Different Apertures

    With the advanced propagation technology in VirtualLab Fusion, we calculate the diffraction patterns for apertures with different shapes and study the property of diffraction.

    Diffraction Property of a Passive Parity-Time Grating

    We construct a passive parity-time grating and analyze its diffraction property with respect to selected grating parameters and the polarization of light.

    Double-Helix PSF for 3D Imaging Microscopy

    It is demonstrated that the double helix PSF rotates when there is only a small defocus of the object point.

    Electromagnetic Field Detector

    With the Electromagnetic Field Detector the user can access the fully vectorial electromagnetic field at any given plane in the system. We explain here how to handle this detector.

    Electromagnetic Field Interaction with Nanocylinders

    With the perfectly matched layers (PMLs) technique, the interaction between a focused Gaussian beam and nanocylinders with varying diameters is investigated.

    Examination of Sodium D Lines with Fabry-Pérot Etalon

    An optical metrology system with a silica spaced etalon is set up to measure the sodium D lines in VirtualLab Fusion, and the influence from the coating reflectance is investigated.

    Export Harmonic Fields Sets into ASCII Files

    This document shows a programmable module that can export any kind of Harmonic Fields Set into ASCII files.

    Export of Fabrication Data

    VirtualLab Fusion can export smooth and quantized interfaces, as well as mirror/prism/grating cells arrays into various file formats, e.g., STL and GDSII file format.

    Export of Fabrication Data for Smooth Surfaces

    VirtualLab Fusion can export smooth surfaces into various file formats, e.g., STL and other customized formats.

    Export of Fabrication Data of a Holographic Optical Element (HOE)

    VirtualLab Fusion can export quantized HOE structure into various file formats. It is possible to export the files by a pixelized or polygon approach.

    Export of Results of a Parameter Run

    Variation of parameters of an optical system can be done by using VirtualLab Fusion’s parameter run. In this use case the export of the provided results of the parameter run is explained.

    Export Systems and Components into STL & IGES Format

    VirtualLab Fusion supports the export of optical components specified in the system into various CAD formats. This includes for example the export of lenses, prisms, mirror systems and other components into STL and in IGES format.

    Femtosecond Pulse Propagation through Dispersive Seawater

    The propagation of a 5-fs pulse through seawater is studied in VirtualLab Fusion. The broadening of the pulse and the change in its temporal profile due to dispersion of the material are shown.

    Few-Mode Fiber Coupling under Atmospheric Turbulence

    In this use case, we reproduce the experiments of Zheng et al. [Opt. Express 24 (2016)] to explore the atmospheric turbulence effects on the coupling efficiency between the free-space optical beam and few-mode fibers.

    Fizeau Interferometer for Optical Testing

    A Fizeau interferometer is set up with the help of non-sequential field tracing technology, and the interference fringes from several different test surfaces are shown.

    Flexible Region Configuration

    In optical modeling, a finite region is often used as the area for further operation. VirtualLab Fusion supports to generate regions in different manners with great ease.

    Focal Spots for Different Aberrations

    Several typical wavefront aberrations are selected as examples, and their corresponding focal spots are investigated with varying parameters.

    Focus Investigation behind Aspherical Lens

    A laser diode with asymmetric divergence and astigmatism is first collimated and then focused. Evolution of the field in the focal region is investigated in detail.

    Focusing Electromagnetic Fields with Cascaded Circular Apertures

    We demonstrate in VirtualLab Fusion the focusing of electromagnetic fields with properly designed apertures.

    Focusing of an Ince-Gaussian Beam

    This use case shows the focusing of an Ince-Gaussian mode through a GRIN medium representing a thermal lens.

    Focusing of Cylindrical Vector Beams by a High-NA Objective Lens

    It is demonstrated that the focusing of cylindrical vector beams. The vectorial effects of radially and azimuthally beams are demonstrated.

    Focusing of Femtosecond Pulse by Using a High-NA Off-Axis Parabolic Mirror

    The focusing process of a 10 fs pulse by using a high-NA parabolic mirror is modeled in VirtualLab Fusion, and both the spatial and temporal behaviors are investigated.

    Focusing of Gaussian-Laguerre Beam for STED Microscopy

    It is demonstrated that the focusing of high order Gaussian-Laguerre beam generates donut-shaped PSF. The size of donut-shaped PSF can be adjusted by different high orders.

    Fourier Transform Settings – Discussion at Examples

    As one of the most fundamental technologies in VirtualLab Fusion, Fourier transforms connect the space and spatial frequency domains. We discuss the Fourier transforms settings at different examples and show the consequences.

    Full-Field Optical Coherence Scanning Interferometry

    With a low-coherence Xenon lamp source, a Michelson interferometer is built up for precise scanning of the surface profile of a given specimen.

    Gaussian Beam Focused by a Thermal Lens

    This use case shows the variation of the focal length of the thermal lens, as well as the focus beam diameter when the input power changes [W. Koechner, Appl. Opt. 9, 2548–2553 (1970)]. This example is published in [H. Zhong, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 35].

    Generation of Optical Beams Carrying Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM)

    We demonstrate the generation of optical beams carrying OAM by using spiral phase plates with different parameters.

    Generation of Spatially Varying Polarization by Interference with Polarized Light

    With a Mach-Zehnder interferometer setup with two rotatable polarizers, we demonstrate the generation of spatially varying polarization.

    Generation of Vector Beam by a Sagnac-Like Interferometer

    Following the idea of T. Wang et al., Appl. Phys. B 122:231 (2016), this use case demonstrates a Sagnac-interferometer scheme to generate vector beam.

    Grating Optimization in VirtualLab Fusion Using optiSLang

    A workflow is presented for how to optimize a grating structure regarding a specified merit function using VirtualLab Fusion and the optimization software optiSLang.

    Grating Order Analyzer

    In VirtualLab Fusion, the Grating Order Analyzer can be used for convenient grating diffraction analysis, with results presented in various ways.

    Grating Stretcher for Ultrashort Pulses

    We set up a pulse stretcher consisting of two diffractive gratings and investigate the pulse broadening effect induced by the interaction of the pulse with the gratings.

    Grazing-Incidence Focusing Mirrors for X-Ray Beams

    Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors focus the grazing-incident x-ray field into a nanometer-scale spot. This use case shows Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors' analytical design procedure and the diffraction pattern in the focal region.

    Herrig Schiefspiegler Telescope

    A Herrig Schiefspiegler telescope with two mirrors, but with four reflections in a double-pass configuration, is modeled with the non-sequential ray and field tracing techniques in VirtualLab Fusion.

    High-NA Focusing by Off-Axis Parabolic Mirror

    In high-NA focusing situations, e.g. with parabolic mirror, it is demonstrated that input fields with different polarizations leads to different focal spots.

    High-NA Pattern Generation by Combining Two Beam Splitter Elements

    A two diffractive beam splitter system for high-NA pattern generation is designed with IFTA, and the system performance is investigated, especially with the non-paraxial splitter analyzed by using FMM.

    How to Customize the Position of Source Modes Via Programming and Example (Along a Line)

    Using laterally shifted modes is one possible strategy to mimic partial spatial coherence. In this tutorial we show you how to manipulate the positions of the source modes via programming.

    How to Set Up a Panel-Type Source

    With the panel-type source in VirtualLab it is possible to model a pixelated display, with the pixel pitch and the number of pixels as free parameters for the user to fix.

    How to Set Up a Scanning Source

    The scanning source in VirtualLab Fusion defines a multi-mode source that radiates into several pre-defined directions, which is of help for e.g. the modeling and evaluation of a laser scanning system.

    How to Work with the C# Module and Example (Computing the Deviation Between Two Fields)

    In this tutorial we explain the basics of working with the C# Module: one of the most flexible, most advanced programmable items in VirtualLab Fusion!

    How to Work with the Programmable Component and Example (Ideal Grating)

    The Programmable Component is one of the most versatile programmable elements in VirtualLab. Follow this tutorial for instructions on a first contact with this feature!

    How to Work with the Programmable Detector and Example (Minimum and Maximum Wavelengths)

    In this tutorial we show how to work with the Programmable Detector, one of the most versatile customizable elements in VirtualLab Fusion.

    How to Work with the Programmable Function & Example (Cylindrical Lens)

    In this document we explain how to work with the Programmable Function, using the example of a cylindrical lens.

    How to Work with the Programmable Interface & Example (Spherical Surface)

    In this document we explain how to work with the Programmable Interface, using the example of a simple spherical surface.

    How to Work with the Programmable Light Source in VirtualLab Fusion and Example (Gaussian Beam)

    In this document we show you how to work with the Programmable Source: a means to define the spatial dependence of a custom basic source mode. We use the Gaussian as an example.

    How to Work with the Programmable Material and Example (Linear Dependence)

    In this detailed tutorial we explain how to create your own custom materials (refractive index with respect to wavelength) in VirtualLab Fusion.

    How to Work with the Programmable Medium and Example (Thermal Lens)

    In this detailed tutorial we explain how to create your own custom media (dependence of refractive index on position) in VirtualLab Fusion.

    How to Work with the Programmable Medium and Example (Thermal Lens)

    In this detailed tutorial we explain how to create your own custom media (dependence of refractive index on position) in VirtualLab Fusion.

    How to Work with the Programmable Spectrum and Example (Black-Body Radiation)

    Discover how to create your own custom spectra via programming in VirtualLab Fusion with this in-depth tutorial on the topic, rounded up with a basic hands-on example.

    How to Work with the Programmable Spectrum and Example (Black-Body Radiation)

    Discover how to create your own custom spectra via programming in VirtualLab Fusion with this in-depth tutorial on the topic, rounded up with a basic hands-on example.

    Imaging of Sub-Wavelength Gratings by Using Vector Beam Illumination

    A high-NA microscope for imaging of sub-wavelength grating is build up, and the influences from illumination with linear, radial, and azimuthal polarizations is investigated.

    Import and Export of Chromatic Fields Sets

    Chromatic fields set are standard documents to show a light distribution in VirtualLab Fusion. This use case demonstrates the options for import and export chromatic fields sets.

    Import Beam Files from Zemax OpticStudio

    VirtualLab Fusion can import the beam files from Zemax OpticStudio®, convert it into electromagnetic field information automatically, and support further propagation of the imported field.

    Import of Bitmap file containing Height Data of a Microstructure into VirtualLab Fusion

    The import of a bitmap file, which contains height data of a microstructure is demonstrated. This example provides a step-by-step explanation of the required workflow in VirtualLab Fusion.

    Import of Material Data into VirtualLab Fusion

    In this use case, we illustrate the workflow of how to import complex material data into VirtualLab Fusion’s material catalog.

    Import Optical Systems from Zemax OpticStudio

    VirtualLab Fusion allows the import of optical systems with the full 3D position information and glasses from Zemax OpticStudio®, and provides field tracing for further investigation of the imported system.

    Ince Gaussian Modes

    Ince-Gaussian Modes constitute an additional solution for the paraxial wave equation. This use case shows how to set up this kind of modes.

    Influence of the position of the stop in a lens system

    It is demonstrated that the positions of the stop in a lens system have influence on the PSF, especially in the case of inclined illumination.

    Investigation of Aberration Effects on LP Fiber Modes in the Focal Region

    In this use case, we use a specified a step-index or graded-index fiber as source to generate a couple of propagation modes, and evaluate the aberration effects after propagation through an optical system.

    Investigation of Focus Shift due to Thermal Lensing

    In this use case we demonstrate the change in the effective focal length caused by thermal lensing on a lens. The deformation of the geometry and the steady-state temperature distribution are calculated using Ansys Mechanical and are then imported into VirtualLab.

    Investigation of Ghost Image Effects in Collimation System

    The ghost image effect in a collimation lens system is investigated, by checking the reflections between uncoated surfaces with the non-sequential tracing technique.

    Investigation of Idealized Vectorial Focusing Situation Using Debye-Wolf Integral

    We use the Debye-Wolf integral calculator in VirtualLab Fusion for vectorial focal field investigation with different parameters.

    Investigation of Lens Aberrations in a SLM-based Beam Shaping Setup

    For a diffractive beam shaper used together with focusing lens, the influence from lens aberrations on the system performance is investigated.

    Investigation of Polarization State of Diffraction Orders

    VirtualLab Fusion enables the detailed analysis of grating structures, with possible changes in the polarization state of the diffracted orders taken into consideration.

    Investigation of Propagated Light behind a Microlens Array

    This use case investigates light behind a microlens array. Effects in the near field, focal plane and far field are shown and discussed.

    Laser Beam “Clean-Up” with Spatial Filter

    A spatial filtering system with a pinhole is modeled in VirtualLab Fusion. We demonstrate how the opening of the pinhole influences the output beam quality.

    Laser-Based Michelson Interferometer and Interference Fringe Exploration

    A Michelson interferometer is set up with the help of non-sequential tracing technology in VirtualLab Fusion, and the interference fringes in different configurations are demonstrated.

    Light Path Diagram Information Export

    In VirtualLab Fusion you can export a summary of all system parameters in the light path diagram into an XML File. This use case shows how to export the parameters and how to visualize the parameters.

    Light Propagation through Waveguide with In- & Outcoupling Surface Gratings

    As one important issue for near-eye display (NED) design, the propagation of light through waveguide structure with tailored in- and outcoupling gratings can be easily modeled with the help of region and channel concept in VirtualLab Fusion.

    LP Fiber Mode Calculator

    The Fiber Mode Calculator can be used to calculate linearly polarized (LP) propagation modes in a step-index fiber with a single core or a graded-index fiber with an infinite parabolic profile.

    Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

    We build up a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in VirtualLab Fusion and demonstrate how the tilt and shift of component affect the interference fringe.

    Measurement of Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) with Freeform Optical Elements

    We build an optical setup, with two freeform optical elements, to transform orbital angular momentum (OAM) to linear one, for its measurement.

    Metagrating Construction – Discussion at Examples

    Based on selected examples, we show how to construct and configure metagrating structure and materials in VirtualLab Fusion.

    Microscopy System with Structured Illumination

    It is demonstrated that the contrast of the structured illumination pattern is influenced by the polarization of the incident beam.

    Mie Solution to Maxwell’s Equations for Scattering of an Electromagnetic Plane Wave

    With the Mie solution for an electromagnetic plane wave in VirtualLab Fusion, we investigate the scattering effect of spherical particles with different radii and made of different materials.

    Model the Spatially Extended Source by Shifted Elementary-Field Method

    This use case shows how to realize the shifted elementary-field method, reported by Tervo et al. [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 27 (9), 2010], to get an accurate model of an extended source.

    Modeling and Design of Blazed Metagratings

    We design and construct a blazed metagrating in VirtualLab Fusion using square nano pillars, analyze its polarization-dependent diffraction efficiency, and further optimize it.

    Modeling of a Hybrid Eyepiece with Diffractive Lens Surface for Chromatic Aberration Correction

    A hybrid eyepiece with a diffractive lens surface for correcting chromatic aberration is imported from Zemax OpticStudio® and analyzed further in VirtualLab Fusion, notably including the modeling of the actual diffractive surface structures with different quantization schemes.

    Modeling of an Array of Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) Diodes

    This document demonstrates how a VCSEL array source can be modeled in VirtualLab Fusion.

    Modeling of An Image Projection System Based on Panel-Type Display

    An image projection system is set up using the panel-type source. The performance of the system is evaluated by observing the spot grid in both the spatial and angular domains.

    Modeling of Bessel Beam Generation from Axicon with Round Tip

    We model the generation of Bessel beams with axicon with round tip and investigate how the round tip may influence the Bessel beam evolution.

    Modeling of Etalon with Planar or Curved Surfaces

    We set up optical etalons with both planar and curved surfaces. With the non-sequential field tracing technique, the differences in the interference fringes are investigated.

    Modeling of Graded-Index (GRIN) Lens

    In VirtualLab Fusion, we perform a fully physical-optics modeling of a Graded-index lens system, which includes the polarization crosstalk effects.

    Modeling of Graded-Index (GRIN) Multimode Fiber

    A fast approach for light propagation through a GRIN medium, which includes the polarization crosstalk effect, is implemented, and its validity and advantages are shown in comparison with a rigorous solver.

    Modeling of Gratings within Optical System – Discussion at Examples

    With the help of typical examples, we explain how to model grating within system and discuss topics like alignment of gratings, grating order selection, and angular response setting.

    Modeling of Microlens Arrays with Different Lens Shapes

    The imaging properties of microlens array with different lens shapes are investigated. Change of the focal spots with respect to aberration of input field is demonstrated.

    Modeling of the Talbot Effect

    We demonstrate the Talbot effect, which is a well-known near field diffraction effect from periodic structures such as gratings.

    Modeling of Total Internal Reflection (TIR) Prism

    We illustrate the modeling of interference and vignetting effects at a total internal reflection (TIR) prism. Dependent on the characteristics of the impinging light, these effects are introduced by the narrow gap between both prism parts.

    Modeling of VCSEL Source by Two Uncorrelated Laguerre-Gaussian Modes

    This document demonstrates how to achieve the desired intensity distribution of a specific VCSEL source via parametric optimization of two uncorrelated Gaussian modes with the help of the Multiple Light Source.

    Module for the Measurement of FFT Execution Time

    A module is programmed to measure the FFT execution time for a quadratic field with different numbers of sampling points, in float and/or double precision.

    Non-Sequential Ray Tracing Analysis of Glass Plate

    By using the non-sequential tracing technique in VirtualLab, the ray tracing analysis of a glass plate is performed.

    Observation of Complementary Interference Pattern in a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer with Prism Beam Splitter

    A Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a coherent laser source is build up in VirtualLab Fusion and analyzed by using the non-sequential Field Tracing. The different behavior of an idealized and a prism beam splitter is investigated, and the complementary interference pattern caused by the relative phase shift is demonstrated.

    Observation of Gouy Phase Shift in a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

    Gouy phase shift, which is a p phase term, can be observed by a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The interference along optical axis is constructive before focus, while destructive behind focus.

    Observation of the Poisson Spot

    The vital role of diffraction in the Poisson-spot experiment provided proof of the wavelike nature of light. We perform here a simulation of this key experiment.

    Observation of Vortex Array Laser Beam Generation from Ince-Gaussian Beam

    This document illustrates the generation of vortex array laser beams using an Ince-Gaussian source with a Dove prism-embedded unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer, as first proposed by Chu et al. [Opt. Express 16, 19934-19949 (2008)].

    Optical System for Inspection of Micro-Structured Wafer

    A complete wafer inspection system including high-NA focusing effect and light interaction with microstructures is modeled, and the formation of image is demonstrated.

    Optically Anisotropic Media in VirtualLab Fusion

    This use case introduces the basic configuration of an anisotropic medium.

    Optimal Working Distance for Coupling Light into Single-Mode Fibers

    In this example, we select one commercially available lens and show how to find the optimal working distance to obtain maximum fiber coupling efficiency by using field tracing.

    Optimization of Binary Grating for Lightguide Coupling over Desired FOV

    With the rigorous Fourier modal method (FMM) in VirtualLab Fusion and the evolutionary algorithm in optiSLang, we demonstrate the optimization of a binary grating for waveguide coupling for the desired field of view (FOV).

    Optimization of Lightguide Coupling Grating for Single Incidence Direction

    We demonstrate the design workflow for optimizing a rectangular grating for one specific incidence direction to obtain maximum efficiency for a specific diffraction order.

    Optimization of Slanted Grating for Lightguide Coupling over Desired FOV

    We optimize a slanted grating for waveguide coupling over desired field of view (FOV), by using VirtualLab Fusion and optiSLang in combination.

    Optimizing Waveguide Outcoupling Gratings for Uniform Multiple Channels

    To ensure uniform multiple waveguide output channels, the outcoupling gratings are optimized, with their efficiencies calculated by the rigorous Fourier modal method.

    Orientation of Gratings within a Grating Region

    In this use case we will explain the advanced orientation setting for gratings within a grating region. Currently grating regions are only available within the waveguide toolbox.

    Parametric Optimization and Tolerance Analysis of Slanted Gratings

    With the Fourier modal method (FMM) as the kernel on which parametric optimization is then applied, a slanted grating is designed to achieve high diffraction efficiency for coupling light into waveguides. Fabrication tolerances including rounded edges are analyzed.

    Parametric Optimization of a Half-Symmetric Two-Mirror Resonator

    In VirtualLab Fusion, users can easily construct a two-mirror laser resonator, and use parametric optimization to design this resonator to generate a desired output mode.

    Parametric Optimization of Fiber Coupling Lenses

    With the parametric optimization in VirtualLab Fusion, the design of a fiber coupling lens with conical surface, for efficient coupling into a single-mode fiber is presented.

    Performance Analysis of Laser Scanning System

    A scanning system consisting a dual-axis galvanometer and an aspherial focusing lens is modeled, with the rotation of the mirrors taken into simulation as in the practical case.

    Performance Evaluation of an F-Theta Scanning Lens

    With the scanning source in VirtualLab Fusion, we analyze the performance of an F-Theta lens, by measuring the focal spot position deviation and the spot size for different scan angles.

    Performance Settings in Global Options of VirtualLab Fusion

    The account different powerful computer system it, performance based parameters are introduced and explained.

    Personalization Settings for Visualization in VirtualLab Fusion

    This document illustrates the usage of the global options for personalization of the view settings of the VirtualLab Fusion.

    Pinhole Modeling in a Low-Fresnel-Number System

    With the flexible Fourier transform settings in VirtualLab Fusion, we model the diffraction effect from surface apertures and pinholes in a low-Fresnel-number system.

    Polarization Conversion in Uniaxial Crystals

    The conversion of polarization of linearly polarized light in a calcite crystal is demonstrated in VirtualLab Fusion.

    Polarization-Dependent Binary Resonant Gratings

    We construct a binary grating with sub-wavelength structure following the principle of form birefringence and demonstrate its polarization-dependent properties.

    Polarizer in Focal Region

    To model polarizer used in non-paraxial cases, an idealized model is implemented in VirtualLab, and the effect of a polarizer in the focal region is presented.

    Position and Orientation Information Display Control

    In VirtualLab Fusion, users can select which information of position and orientation to be shown. This use case shows how to set up the position and orientation information display in a Light Path View.

    Precise Measurement of Goos-Hänchen Shift form Weakly Absorbing Slab

    We demonstrate the Goos-Hänchen shift for a dielectric slab with weak absorption, by measuring the lateral shift of the reflected beam with respect to the incidence angle.

    Programmable Component for Free-Space Propagation

    In this programming example, we present some functions which were used in the Classic Field Tracing engine to propagate an electromagnetic field that was represented in an equidistantly sampled form.

    Programmable Grating Analyzer

    We show how to use a Programmable Grating Analyzer to access the grating diffraction information, to display it, and to use it for further analysisor optimization.

    Programming a Chirped Gaussian Pulse Spectrum

    This example shows how to use Programmable Pulse Spectrum to generate a chirped Gaussian pulse, with the pulse specification given in time domain.

    Programming a Degree of Coherence Detector

    Based on the fully vectorial electromagnetic field information, a Programmable Detector is done for the calculation of the degree of coherence.

    Programming a Detector for Diffractive Optics Merit Functions Calculation

    Based on the full field information, and together with the Programmable Detector, several typically used merit functions in diffractive optics are realized in this example.

    Programming a Detector Summing Square Amplitude on Optical Axis

    This example illustrate the access on field values in a Programmable Detector via source code, and it calculates the sum of all squared amplitudes on the optical axis including all field components.

    Programming a Detector to Save Fields Automatically

    A Programmable Detector is constructed for saving a light distribution (harmonic fields set) to the desired file path on the hard disk.

    Programming a Double Pinhole Transmission Function

    In this programming example we illustrate how to code a transmission function that imitates an opaque screen punctured by two round holes.

    Programming a Double Slit Function

    An example snippet is presented for defining a double slit function, with customizable slit width and distance in between.

    Programming a Micro-Lens Array

    This example shows how to realize an array of micro-lenses on a rectangular grid by using the Programmable Interface in VirtualLab.

    Programming a Module That Computes the Standard Deviation between Two Harmonic Fields

    Gauging the accuracy of a given result is fundamental in science and engineering. In this use case we show you how to program a module to compute the standard deviation between two fields.

    Programming a Module That Computes the Standard Deviation between Two Harmonic Fields

    Gauging the accuracy of a given result is fundamental in science and engineering. In this use case we show you how to program a module to compute the standard deviation between two fields.

    Programming a Module that Smooths the Edges of a Structure

    This programmable module is designed to be applied to the sharp result of a designed structure, and it will round off the edges according to user-specified values.

    Programming a Multiple-Slit Transmission Function

    In this document you can find an example for the Programmable Function which defines an arbitrary number of equidistant slits with an arbitrary width and distance.

    Programming a Scanning Parameter Run

    A convex-plano single lens is analyzed by scanning over the radius of curvature and its thickness with the Programmable Parameter Run in VirtualLab Fusion.

    Programming a Sinusoidal Surface

    In this document you can find an example for the Programmable Interface. Although the sinusoidal surface is provided ready-made in the catalog, we show you how to code it for illustration purposes.

    Programming a Sinusoidal Volume Grating

    In this example, the generation of sinusoidal volume grating is demonstrated, with the grating period and the refractive index modulation as user-defined parameters.

    Programming a Spectral Band Filter

    This document shows a customizable spectral band filter in a system with a Gaussian pulse with a homogeneous spectrum.

    Programming a Truncated Cone Surface

    A truncated cone structure is generated using the Programmable Interface, with its specifications (height, top/base diameter) as user-defined parameters.

    Programming an Anamorphic Surface

    Using the Programmable Interface in VirtualLab Fusion, an anamorphic surface is programmed and especially with the surface gradient analytically given.

    Programming an Axicon Transmission Function

    In this programming example we illustrate how to use the Programmable Function in VirtualLab to create a custom idealised component that performs like an axicon.

    Programming of a Module for Executing an IFTA Design

    This example shows how to use a customized C# module to execute an IFTA design in VirtualLab Fusion.

    Programming Radially & Azimuthally Polarized Sources

    See how to create a radially and an azimuthally polarized source, experimenting in the process with the programming of light sources and the potential of the Combined Light Source feature.

    Pulse Broadening in Dispersive Media

    We investigate the relationship between the broadening of an ultrashort pulse and the dispersion of given materials that the pulse propagates through.

    Pulse Focusing with High-NA Lens

    We investigate the effects of subjecting an ultrashort pulse to propagation through a lens with high numerical aperture, in terms of its spatial, as well as of its temporal, profile.

    Pulse Front Tilt in SSTF – Setups

    This Use Case demonstrates the characteristics of an ideal SSTF Setup including the effects of chirp.

    Resolution Investigation for Microscope Objective Lenses by Rayleigh Criterion

    Following the Rayleigh criterion, we investigate the resolution of three microscope objective lenses with different numerical apertures.

    Resolution Investigation of a Microscopy System by Abbe Criterion

    It is demonstrated that the resolution of a microscopy system depends on its numerical aperture.

    Resolving Sodium Doublet by Using a Czerny-Turner Setup

    A physical-optics-based simulation of Czerny-Turner setup consisting of parabolic mirrors and blazed grating for Sodium doublet examination, is investigated.

    Rigorous Analysis and Design of Anti-Reflective Moth-Eye Structures

    With the Fourier modal method and the parametric optimization in VirtualLab Fusion, we demonstrate the analysis and design of anti-reflective moth-eye structures.

    Rigorous Analysis of Nanopillar Metasurface Building Block

    With the rigorous Fourier modal method (FMM), we analyze the effects, especially the phase modulation, of nanopillar structures with varying diameters - the building blocks of metalenses.

    Rigorous Analysis of Resonant Waveguide Gratings

    We apply the Fourier modal method (FMM / RCWA) within VirtualLab Fusion to analyze resonant waveguide gratings rigorously and demonstrate how to check the resonant effects with focused Gaussian beams.

    Rigorous Simulation of Holographic Generated Volume Grating

    A holographic volume grating is analyzed by using the Fourier modal method. Both the spectral and angular properties are presented.

    Scanning Mode of Parameter Run

    The scanning mode of the Parameter Run document generates a simulation series of all combinations of specified parameter variations and provides specifically suited output options.

    Shaping of White Light by Using Prism / Grating / Mirror Cells Arrays

    Design of different types of cells arrays, which are used behind white light LED for generating customized patterns, are presented.

    Simulation and Analysis of Anisotropic Coating on Plane and Curved Surface

    This use case introduces the feature of adding anisotropic coatings on surfaces and investigates the polarization conversion of a lambda/4 coating on a plane surface and a curved surface, respectively.

    Simulation of a Shack-Hartmann Sensor

    The working principle of a Shack-Hartmann Sensor is shown using a plane wave and spherical waves with different values of the numerical aperture. The sensor itself consists of a double-convex microlens array.

    Simulation of Laser Beam in Focal Region of High-NA Asphere

    When a linearly polarized beam is focused by a high-NA lens, the focal spot shows asymmetry due to the relatively strong Ez component.

    Simulation of Light Diffraction at Pixels of a Spatial Light Modulator

    When SLMs are often employed as programmable diffractive optical elements, the influence from the pixel gaps on the system performance is investigated.

    Simulation of Multilayer Birefringent Reflective Polarizer with VirtualLab Fusion

    In this use case, the relationship between the number of alternate birefringent layers and the Bragg reflection condition is explored with VirtualLab Fusion. The variation of the reflectance efficiency with different wavelengths and incident angles is further investigated.

    Simulation of Multiple Light Sources with VirtualLab Fusion

    This document illustrates how to use the Multiple Light Source in VirtualLab Fusion.

    Simulation of Waveguide with a Complex 2D Exit Pupil Expansion

    A complex 2D exit pupil expander, which consist of both idealized and real gratings, is constructed and modeled, and the uniformity at the waveguide exit plane is presented.

    Single Grating Interferometer for X-Ray Imaging

    Three types of gratings (modeled by phase-only transmissions) are employed in a single grating interferometer for the x-ray, and the self-images of the selected gratings are examined.

    Single Molecule Imaging by High-NA Fourier Microscope

    We model a complete high-NA Fourier microscope system for single molecule imaging. Especially, we show the effect from e.g. Fresnel losses, diffraction due to aperture, and compare the simulation results with the reference.

    Source Code Editor

    For optical elements, which cannot be found in the catalogs of VirtualLab Fusion, users are able to create them by using programmable objects, e.g., programmable source, interface, medium and detector. The programming language is C#. The source code editors is the most important structure of all programmable objects. This use case introduces the general structure of the source code editor.

    Specification of Diffraction Efficiencies for Grating Regions

    In modern optical systems gratings often appear edged into or deposited onto other elements. Here we cover how to characterise their efficiencies rigorously or by inputting the values ad hoc.

    Specification of Diffraction Orders for Grating Regions

    The waveguide component allow to define an arbitrary set of grating regions per surface. Per grating region several parameters can be defined. The user can specify a set of selected orders for each grating region.

    Stokes Parameters Measurement behind a Tilted Polarizer

    By using an idealized non-paraxial polarizer model, the interaction of a polarizer with incident wave from different angles is investigated, and the results are characterized by Stokes parameters.

    Stress-induced Birefringence in Laser Crystals

    The stress-induced birefringence in a YAG crystal is investigated, by examining the change of output field with respect to the strength of stresses.

    Stretching or Compression of Ultrashort Pulses with Highly Efficient Transmission Gratings

    We demonstrate, according to T. Clausnitzer et al., how to build up a pulse stretching or compression system with two transmission gratings. Especially, we analyze the polarization dependency of such systems.

    Structure Design

    In VirtualLab Fusion the user can design phase functions, which works as beam shaper, beam splitter and diffuser. This use case shows the usage of the structure design tool, which can be used to convert the phase function into a height profile.

    System Analysis with Sequential and Non-Sequential Field Tracing

    VirtualLab Fusion enables the user to build up an optical system once and analyze it with different tracing techniques. This use case demonstrates how the non-sequential analysis of your setup can be performed.

    Tailored Light Outcoupling from Glass Plate with Arbitrarily Shaped Apertures

    With the region concept in VirtualLab Fusion, apertures with arbitrary shapes can be defined flexibly. Situations with fully and partially illuminated apertures are shown.

    Talbot Images of A Conical Phase Mask

    A phase mask with a layer of cones is modeled in VirtualLab Fusion. Different Talbot images are detected such that the pillar patterns are in the primary image plane while the hole patterns in the secondary image plane.

    Thin Element Approximation (TEA) vs. Fourier Modal Method (FMM) for Grating Modeling

    We apply both TEA and FMM (also known as RCWA) to analyze two types of gratings (sinusoidal and blazed) with varying period and compare the results from both methods.

    Tight Focusing by a High-NA Immersion Microscope

    It is demonstrated that the PSF is distorted behind the coverslip of an immersion microscope.

    Tight Focusing of Variously Polarized Beams by an Aplanatic Lens

    The aplanatic lens model in VirtualLab Fusion provides an easy way to analyze the focusing effects of variously polarized vectorial fields with apertures in different shapes.

    Tight Focusing of Variously Polarized Beams by an Ideal Lens

    VirtualLab Fusion carries an ideal lens model which provides the users with an easy way to analyze focused vectorial fields under different conditions (of, for instance, input polarization and aperture shape).

    Tight Focusing Through a Stratified Medium

    It is demonstrated that the focal spot is aberrated for tight focusing through a coverslip, which is a stratified medium.

    Tolerance Analysis of a Fiber Coupling Setup

    In a fiber coupling optical setup, the coupling efficiency is analyzed with respect to tolerance factors like the shift of fiber end position and the tilt of lens.

    Tolerancing with Random Distributions using the Programmable Mode of the Parameter Run

    In this use case we demonstrate a programmable Parameter Run that allows the user to employ different random distributions for the purpose of tolerancing. The user can choose from uniform, normal and cutoff-normal distributions and can even combine multiple of these distributions for the different parameters involved in the tolerancing in the same Parameter Run.

    Ultra-Sparse Dielectric Nano-Wire Grid Polarizers

    The polarization-dependent properties of ultra-sparse dielectric nanowire grids are analyzed by using the Fourier modal method (FMM, also known as RCWA).

    Uniformity Detector in the Waveguide Toolbox

    In the advanced imaging system, when the exit pupils are repeated, uniformity of the energy of these exit pupils is an important merit function to evaluate the quality of the optical system. This use case shows how to use the uniformity detector.

    Unpolarized Light for Grating Simulation – Discussion at Examples

    It is shown how to model the effect of unpolarized light, as the average of two orthogonal polarization states, for grating simulations in VirtualLab Fusion.

    Usage of Camera Detector

    The Camera Detector constitutes one of the most fundamental detectors in VirtualLab Fusion. Keep reading for an in-depth description of how to configure and use this detector in simulations.

    Usage of Debye-Wolf Integral Calculator

    The Debye-Wolf integral calculator in VirtualLab Fusion computes the vectorial field near focus based on an idealized model, when the exact specifications of the objective lens are not known.

    Usage of Distortion Analyzer

    VirtualLab Fusion provides an analyzer for the distortion of an optical system that yields the standard representation of distortion versus angle.

    Usage of Field Curvature Analyzer

    In VirtualLab Fusion, the field curvature of a lens component can be analyzed precisely, with the field curvature analyzer used. This use case shows how to set up the parameters in the field curvature analyzer.

    Usage of Focal Length Analyzer

    The focal length is an important parameter to evaluate an imaging system. By using the Focal Length Analyzer, the effective and back focal length of optical components can be obtained and used with parametric optimization.

    Usage of PSF & MTF Detector

    Point spread function (PSF) and modulation transfer function (MTF) are important optical quantities to evaluate the quality of an imaging system. In VirtualLab Fusion, PSF and MTF for an imaging system can be calculated fast and accurately.

    Usage of the Parameter Run Document

    Using the Parameter Run in VirtualLab Fusion, one can specify the varying range of selected parameters flexibly, so as to perform system analysis, e.g. tolerancing.

    Vector Beam Generation with a SLM and a Common-Path Interferometer

    An interferometric setup is built up with SLM, apertures, quarter-wave plates, and grating, in a 4f lens system. Using this setup, we demonstrate the generation of cylindrical vector beams.

    Wave Aberration Detectors

    In lens design, the aberration information in the lens system is important for the optimization process. In VirtualLab Fusion, detectors for different kinds of wave aberration representation are provided.

    Wavefront Error Detector

    Wavefront error is defined as the difference between the reference wavefront phase, which is a constant phase or spherical phase, and the detected wavefront phase of one optical system. This use case shows how to handle a wavefront error detector in VirtualLab Fusion.

    White-Light Michelson Interferometer

    A Michelson interferometer with a Xenon lamp source is modeled with the spectral property, i.e. limited coherence length, of the source fully considered.

    Working Principle Demonstration of the Dot Projector with Physical Optics Modeling

    As a demonstration, this Use Case shows the working principle of a typical optical system of the dot projector, including the physical optics modeling of the VCSEL array source, the lens and the beam splitter.

    Working Principle of Confocal Scanning Microscopes

    We built a confocal scanning microscope in VirtualLab Fusion and used a metallic grating as the test object to demonstrate the working principle of the microscope.

    Young’s Interference Experiment

    In VirtualLab Fusion, we reproduce the famous Young’s interference experiment, and checked the influence from slit width, slit distance, as well as the effect of extended source.

    VirtualLab Fusion Documentation

    Administrator's Manual

    This document describes how VirtualLab Fusion is installed and how it can be updated. Questions which might occur during installation are being answered.

    Release Notes

    VirtualLab Fusion 2nd Generation Technology Update (Build 7.5.0.158)

    User's Manual

    In this document you will get a deep introduction into VirtualLab Fusion.

    Webinars

    Analysis and Design of Coupling Systems for Single-Mode Fibers

    28 May 2017 We will explore the possibilities of solving fiber coupling tasks, and learn about the typical workflows in VirtualLab Fusion.

    AR & MR Devices – How to Model Light Guides in VirtualLab Fusion

    15 Juni 2021 In our coming webinar, we will go over some of the most common workflows when working in this field of application with VirtualLab Fusion, so that you can get an impression of the look and feel of the software.

    Crystals, Polarizers, Wave Plates – Modeling Anisotropic Media in VirtualLab Fusion

    31 August 2021 Listen to our President, Frank Wyrowski talk about the newest applications of our VirtualLab Fusion Software during this EPIC event.

    Diffractive Lenses: Concept, Modeling, Design, and Fabrication Data

    13 January 2021 In the webinar we introduce the concept of diffractive lens and generalize it to the usage of digital holographic surfaces. We briefly compare it with the metalens and Fresnel-type lens approaches. The modeling theory of diffractive lenses is discussed and its implementation and usage in VirtualLab Fusion demonstrated.

    Exploring VirtualLab Fusion

    20 April 2021 In this webinar we are going to take a very relaxed approach and simply put some time aside to play around with the physical optics modeling and design software VirtualLab Fusion...

    Flat Optics – about Freeform, Fresnel, Diffractive and Meta Lenses

    03 February 2021 In this webinar we invite you to join us on a journey through the concepts, prospects, challenges, and myths of the different versions of flat components, with an emphasis on lenses.

    Gratings as a Part of Optical Systems

    22 October 2020 The construction of optical systems combining diffraction gratings and lenses and other smooth surfaces is a common occurrence. We have selected three examples to illustrate in the webinar the potential of VirtualLab Fusion in this field.

    Lightguides for Mixed Reality Glasses: Design Techniques and Challenges

    21 October 2020 The use of lightguides with diffraction gratings has become of great interest in the development of augmented reality and mixed reality glasses.

    Modeling and Design of Metagratings

    02 September 2020 VirtualLab Fusion provides a seamless workflow for design and analyzing metagratings.

    Modeling Crystals & Anisotropic Media with VirtualLab Fusion

    The very characteristic properties of anisotropic media make them a fundamental part of many optical systems, particularly in terms of polarization control of the propagating light. Being able to model crystals and anisotropic components accurately is then of evident interest across a broad range of fields of application.

    New Features in VirtualLab Fusion for Fiber Optics

    03 February 2021 VirtualLab Fusion comes with new features for the modeling and design of systems for fiber optics. Based on linearly polarized (LP) modes and Gaussian-Laguerre solver techniques, we present several use cases.

    Non Sequential Physical Optics

    17 May 2017 In this webinar, we show how to enable non-sequential tracing in VirtualLab and application use cases, which get large benefits from it.

    One Physical-Optics Platform – Many Field Solvers!

    27 May 2020 In this new webinar series we present the mathematical toolkit that helps make fast physical optics a reality, show how this toolkit is directly reflected in the user interface, and illustrate the impact it has for the average user.

    Presenting VirtualLab Fusion 2021.1

    25 August 2021 Many of the features that are introduced in this version help set the stage for a host of new thrilling applications.

    Simulation of Interferometric Setups with VirtualLab Fusion

    30 September 2020 In this webinar we will demonstrate the simulation of a series of interferometric setups in the fast physical optics modeling and design software VirtualLab Fusion.

    VirtualLab Fusion 2020.1 Release Webinar

    08 July 2020 We are proud to present a new version of VirtualLab Fusion, in which we bring the connecting field solvers technology to the next level. We completely do away with the tendency that exists of only considering diffraction effects at the exit pupil of the system.

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